Vasculitis

Question 1

What are the 8 types of Vasculitis?

Answer 1

HSP
Microscopic Polyangiitis
GPA
eGPA
Polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki disease
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant cell

Question 2

What is Vasculitis?

Answer 2

Inflammation of the blood vessels

Question 3

How is it categorised?

Answer 3

Small medium and large

Question 4

Which are small cell?

Answer 4

HSP, Microscopic polyangiitis, GPA, eGPA

Question 5

Which are medium cell?

Answer 5

Polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki

Question 6

Which are large cell?

Answer 6

Giant cell, Takayasu

Question 7

What is HSP also known as?

Answer 7

IgA Vasculitis

Question 8

Who does HSP affect most commonly?

Answer 8

Kids below age 10

Question 9

What are the key features of HSP?

Answer 9

Purpuric skin rash on lower limbs and buttocks

Less common:
Arthritis
Abdominal pain
Renal involvement

Question 10

What is HSP triggered by?

Answer 10

Upper airway infection
Gastroenteritis

Question 11

How is it HSP treated?

Answer 11

Rest and analgesia
Hydration

Kidney function monitored

Question 12

What is the key presentation of microscopic polyangiitis

Answer 12

Glomerulonephritis- renal failure

Can also cause diffuse alveolar haemorrhage

Question 13

What are the key features of GPA

Answer 13

Nasal symptoms - saddle bridge nose, nose bleeds
Resp symptoms - cough, wheeze, haemoptysis
Kidney symptoms - glomerulonephritis

Question 14

Key features of eGPA

Answer 14

Late presenting asthma
Sinusitis
Rhinitis

RAISED EOSINOPHILS

Question 15

Key features of Polyarteritis Nodosa

Answer 15

May occur secondary to HepB

Renal impairment
Hypertension and other cardio symptoms, eg MI
Mesenteric Arteritis -> intestinal symptoms
Tender skin nodules

Question 16

Who does Kawasaki disease affect the most?

Answer 16

Young kids under age 5

Question 17

Key features of Kawasaki disease

Answer 17

Long lasting fever
Widespread maculopapular rash
Conjunctivitis
Strawberry tongue
Complication - coronary artery aneurysm

Question 18

Key features of Takayasu

Answer 18

‘Pulseless disease’- due to occlusion of aorta and pulmonary arteries
Presents pre age 40 with non specific symptoms and claudication related symptoms

Question 19

What is Takayasu Arteritis diagnosed with?

Answer 19

CT / MRI angiography

Question 20

What are the key features of giant cell?

Answer 20

Unilateral headache
Scalp tenderness
Vision loss
Pain when chewing

Question 21

Treatment for Vasculitis

Answer 21

Conservative in mild cases, if more severe then:

Oral steroids eg prednisone
Immunosuppressants (but avoid in infection)
May also give cyclophosphamide or rituximab in very severe cases

Question 22

Types of Vasculitis linked to cANCA

Answer 22

GPA

Question 23

Types linked to pANCA

Answer 23

Microscopic, and eGPA

Question 24

What is GCA commonly associated with

Answer 24

PMR

Question 25

When would IV steroids be considered?

Answer 25

In complicated cases- eg visual loss in GCA