Vasculitis Flashcards
What are the 8 types of Vasculitis?
HSP
Microscopic Polyangiitis
GPA
eGPA
Polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki disease
Takayasu’s arteritis
Giant cell
What is Vasculitis?
Inflammation of the blood vessels
How is it categorised?
Small medium and large
Which are small cell?
HSP, Microscopic polyangiitis, GPA, eGPA
Which are medium cell?
Polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki
Which are large cell?
Giant cell, Takayasu
What is HSP also known as?
IgA Vasculitis
Who does HSP affect most commonly?
Kids below age 10
What are the key features of HSP?
Purpuric skin rash on lower limbs and buttocks
Less common:
Arthritis
Abdominal pain
Renal involvement
What is HSP triggered by?
Upper airway infection
Gastroenteritis
How is it HSP treated?
Rest and analgesia
Hydration
Kidney function monitored
What is the key presentation of microscopic polyangiitis
Glomerulonephritis- renal failure
Can also cause diffuse alveolar haemorrhage
What are the key features of GPA
Nasal symptoms - saddle bridge nose, nose bleeds
Resp symptoms - cough, wheeze, haemoptysis
Kidney symptoms - glomerulonephritis
Key features of eGPA
Late presenting asthma
Sinusitis
Rhinitis
RAISED EOSINOPHILS
Key features of Polyarteritis Nodosa
May occur secondary to HepB
Renal impairment
Hypertension and other cardio symptoms, eg MI
Mesenteric Arteritis -> intestinal symptoms
Tender skin nodules
Who does Kawasaki disease affect the most?
Young kids under age 5
Key features of Kawasaki disease
Long lasting fever
Widespread maculopapular rash
Conjunctivitis
Strawberry tongue
Complication - coronary artery aneurysm
Key features of Takayasu
‘Pulseless disease’- due to occlusion of aorta and pulmonary arteries
Presents pre age 40 with non specific symptoms and claudication related symptoms
What is Takayasu Arteritis diagnosed with?
CT / MRI angiography
What are the key features of giant cell?
Unilateral headache
Scalp tenderness
Vision loss
Pain when chewing
Treatment for Vasculitis
Conservative in mild cases, if more severe then:
Oral steroids eg prednisone
Immunosuppressants (but avoid in infection)
May also give cyclophosphamide or rituximab in very severe cases
Types of Vasculitis linked to cANCA
GPA
Types linked to pANCA
Microscopic, and eGPA
What is GCA commonly associated with
PMR
When would IV steroids be considered?
In complicated cases- eg visual loss in GCA
