Vasculitides - Takayasu Arteritis

Question 1

Define Takayasu arteritis.

Answer 1

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis affecting large arteries: primarily the aorta and its main branches. Vascular inflammation can cause stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation.

Question 2

Explain the aetiology/risk factors of Takayasu arteritis.

Answer 2

Genetic predisposition
Female sex
Age <40
Asian ethnicity

Question 3

Summarise the epidemiology of Takayasu arteritis.

Answer 3

Takayasu arteritis is a rare disease. Its distribution is worldwide, although most cases are reported in Asian populations. Women in Japan affected about 8 times more frequently than men, whereas in India, men and women are equally represented.

Question 4

Recognise the presenting symptoms of Takayasu arteritis. Recognise the signs of Takayasu arteritis on physical examination.

Answer 4

Upper or lower limb claudication
Absent pulse(s)
Unequal blood pressures
Vascular bruits
Low-grade fever
Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
Myalgia/arthralgia
Weight loss
Fatigue

Question 5

Identify appropriate investigations for Takayasu arteritis and interpret the results.

Answer 5

ESR
CRP
Computerised tomography angiography (CTA)
Magnetic resonance imaging angiography (MRA)