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1ST YR - APM- Anatomy e lets > Vasculature of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Vasculature of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery is the main blood supply to the head and neck?

A

The carotid artery

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2
Q

Name the largest carotid artery

A

The common carotid arteries

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3
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery arise from?

A

Directly from the aorta

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4
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery arise from?

A

brachiocephalic trunk which arises from the aorta

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5
Q

Where do the common carotid arteries run?

A

The common carotid arteries travel upwards on each side of the neck, lateral to the trachea and oesophagus

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6
Q

Where do the common carotid divide?

A

At around the level of the laryngeal prominence each common carotid divides into two vessels: the internal and external common carotid arteries

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7
Q

Where does the internal common carotid artery travel?

A

Travel upwards to enter the cranial cavity through the carotid canal in the temporal bone

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8
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

It is the main blood supply to the brain

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9
Q

Which of the two branches of the common carotid has branches?

A

The external common carotid

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10
Q

Name some of the branches of the external common carotid

A 
superior thyroid lingual
facial
ascending pharyngeal
occipital
posterior auricular,
maxillary,
superficial temporal
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11
Q

Which branch of the external common carotid artery supplies the tongue and floor of the mouth?

A

The lingual artery

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12
Q

Where does the lingual artery originate?

A

Originates from the anteromedial surface of the external carotid artery

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13
Q

Where does the lingual nerve travel?

A

It passes upwards to run medial to the posterior border of the hyoglossus muscle before running horizontally forwards under cover of the same muscle.
Then runs on the undersurface of the tongue to its tip

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14
Q

What happens to the lingual artery while it is in the tongue?

A

It gives off a number of branches which supply the muscles and mucosa of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth, palatoglossal arch, tonsil, soft palate and epiglottis.

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15
Q

Name some specific structures the lingual nerve supplies

A

Supplies the muscles and mucosa of the:

  1. tongue
  2. the floor of the mouth
  3. palatoglossal arch
  4. tonsil
  5. soft palate
  6. epiglottis.
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16
Q

Where does the facial artery arise from?

A

Arises from the external carotid artery a little above the lingual artery

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17
Q

Where does the facial artery run?

A
  1. Initially runs medial to the ramus of the mandible
  2. Then grooves the posterior border of the submandibular salivary gland.
  3. It then loops around the lower margin of the mandible just anterior to the masseter muscle
  4. On the face it runs towards the corner of the mouth before running up the side of the nose to the medial aspect of the orbit
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18
Q

Where does the facial after run on the face?

A

It runs towards the corner of the mouth before running up the side of the nose to the medial aspect of the orbit

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19
Q

Name some branches of the facial artery

A
  1. The ascending palatine artery
  2. The inferior and superior labial arteries
  3. glandular branches
  4. tonsilar artery
  5. submental artery
  6. Lateral nasal branches.
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20
Q

What does the ascending palatine artery supply?

A

The soft palate and the upper part of the pharynx as well as the tonsil and auditory tube

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21
Q

What does the auditory tube do?

A

Connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx

This allows for pressure equalisation

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22
Q

Where does the ascending palatine artery arise from?

A

Arises close to the origin of the facial artery

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23
Q

What do the inferior and superior labial arteries supply ?

A

Supply the lower and upper lips respectively

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24
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk arise from?

A

The aorta

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25
Q

Describe the maxillary artery

A

It is now of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery
It has around 17 branches

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26
Q

Where does the maxillary artery arise from?

A

Arises from behind the neck of the mandible

Initially embedded in the parotid

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27
Q

Where does try maxillary artery run?

A
  1. Initially it’s embedded in the parotid gland.
  2. It then runs forwards into the infratemporal fossa, passing either deep or superficial to the lateral pterygoid muscle
  3. Then turns medially to enter the pterygopalatine fossa.
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28
Q

What can happen if you accidentally insert you needle into the maxillary artery?

A

As the blood within it is under high pressure, this can cause a very obvious haematoma to form on the side of the patient’s face.

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29
Q

Name the branches of the maxillary artery you need to know

A
  1. The inferior alveolar artery
  2. The posterior superior alveolar artery
  3. The infraorbital artery
  4. The greater palatine artery
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30
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar artery run?

A
  1. Descends from its origin to enter the mandibular foramen
  2. Travels within the mandibular canal to the level of the mental foramen
  3. Branches into mental and incisive branches.
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31
Q

What does the mental branch of the maxillary artery do?

A

Helps supply blood to the chin

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32
Q

What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?

A

The mandibular teeth teeth

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33
Q

Where does the posterior superior alveolar artery branch from?

A

Branches from the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa

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34
Q

Where does the posterior superior alveolar artery run?

A

Runs down the posterior surface of the maxilla, dividing into smaller branches

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35
Q

What do the small branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?

A

Some of them enter the maxilla to supply the molar and premolar teeth and maxillary sinus
Others help to supply the maxillary gingivae

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36
Q

How does the maxillary artery terminate?

A

by dividing into the:
1. sphenopalatine artery
2. infraorbital artery
Whilst in the pterygopalatine fossa

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37
Q

Where does the maxillary artery terminate?

A

In the pterygopalatine fossa

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38
Q

Where does the infraorbital artery run?

A
  1. Passes under the orbit and onto the face through the infraorbital foramen
  2. Whilst in the IO canal, it gives off its anterior superior alveolar branches
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39
Q

What happens to the infraorbital artery while it’s in the infraorbital canal?

A

It gives off its anterior superior alveolar branches

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40
Q

What do the anterior superior alveolar arteries supply?

A

The maxillary sinus and anterior teeth

41
Q

What does the sphenopalatine artery supply?

A

The nasal cavity

42
Q

Where does the greater palatine artery emerge from?

A

From the maxillary artery whilst it is still in the pterygopalatine fossa

43
Q

Where does the greater valentine artery travel?

A
  1. It is transmitted through the palatine canal with the greater palatine nerve,
  2. it gives off the lesser palatine branches whilst en route to the hard palate.
44
Q

What does the greater palatine artery branch into?

A

The lesser palatine artery

45
Q

Where do the lesser palatine arteries go after branching off?

A

Emerge through the lesser palatine foramina

46
Q

What do the lesser palatine arteries supply?

A

Contribute to the blood supply of the soft palate,

47
Q

Where do the greater palatine arteries go after branching at the palatine canal?

A

emerges onto the hard palate through the Greater Palatine foramen

48
Q

What does the greater palatine artery supply?

A
  1. Supplies all of the hard palatine mucosa and palatine gingive
  2. anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity
49
Q

How does the greater palatine artery supply the anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity?

A

It passes upwards towards the incisive canal to supply the anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity

50
Q

What is the tongue drained by?

A
  1. The deep lingual veins

2. The dorsal lingual vein

51
Q

Where do the deep lingual veins run?

A

They run just below the mucosa

They travel posteriorly

52
Q

What do the deep lingual veins run medial to ?

A

Medial to the hyoglossus muscle

53
Q

What do the deep lingual veins eventually join too?

A

the dorsal lingual vein to empty into the internal jugular vein.

54
Q

Where do most of the veins in the facial region empty into?

A

the internal jugular vein

55
Q

Where does the dorsal lingual vein run?

A

Runs lateral to the hyoglossus muscle with the hypoglossal nerve

56
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein originate?

A

Originates at the base of the skull and runs down in the neck to fuse with the subclavian veins, thus forming the brachiocephalic veins.

57
Q

What forms when the brachiocephalic veins fuse together?

A

The superior vena cava

58
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain?

A

It is the major vein draining the head and neck

It receives blood from the brain and other structures in the cranial cavity

59
Q

Where do the veins carrying blood from the hard and soft palate drain to?

A
  1. Into the pterygoid venous plexus in the infratemporal fossa
  2. Into a network of veins associated with the palatine tonsil.
60
Q

Where is the pterygoid venous plexus of veins found?

A

the lateral pterygoid muscle

61
Q

What does the pterygoid venous plexus of veins drain?

A
  1. The superficial structures of the face via the facial vein
  2. The orbit
  3. The palate
  4. The cranial cavity
62
Q

Where does the pterygoid venous plexus of veins eventually drain into?

A

The maxillary vein

63
Q

Why is the pterygoid venous plexus of veins important?

A

It effectively links so many areas together

64
Q

What problems are associated with pimple popping?

A

If you squeeze a spot and it ruptures into the facial vein or one if its tributaries the infected pus can pass into the pterygoid plexus and then into the cranial cavity. .
This can cause all sorts of problems such as cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis

65
Q

Why can infections spread between veins inside the cranial cavity?

A

Due to communication between the facial vein and the veins inside the cranial cavity via the pterygoid venous plexus

66
Q

What can happen if you insert your needle into the pterygoid plexus?

A

Can result in the introduction of anaesthetic solution or infectious material into the venous system,
Also the production of a visible haematoma on the side of the patient’s face.

67
Q

Where do the The veins accompanying the anterior superior alveolar artery’s drain into?

A

The facial vein via the mental foramen

68
Q

Where do the The veins accompanying the posterior superior alveolar artery’s drain into?

A

The pterygoid venous plexus via the mandibular foramen

69
Q

Where do the ,amdibular teeth drain into?

A

a series of small vessels called the inferior alveolar veins

70
Q

Where does the main facial vein run?

A

main facial vein runs down the face from the medial aspect of the orbit
Lies posteriorly to the facial artery

71
Q

Where does the facial vein ultimately drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein

72
Q

The carotid artery supplies what?

A

It is the main blood supply to the head and neck

73
Q

Which artery supplies the brain?

A

Internal common carotid

74
Q

Which vein communicates closely with the pterygoid plexus of veins?

A

The deep facial vein

75
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A

Supplies the tongue and floor of the mouth

76
Q

What supplies the anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity?

A

The greater palatine nerve which is a branch of the maxillary nerve

77
Q

What Contributes to the blood supply of the soft palate?

A

The lesser palatine artery which is a branch of the maxilaary artery

78
Q

What does the auditory tube allow for?

A

Pressure equalisation

79
Q

What helps supply blood to the chin?

A

The mental branch of the maxillary nerve

80
Q

What supplies the maxillary gingivae?

A

Branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery which itself is a branch of the maxillary artery

81
Q

What artery supplies the soft palate and the upper part of the pharynx as well as the tonsil and auditory tube?

A

The ascending palatine artery which is a branch of the facial artery

82
Q

What connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx?

A

The auditory tube

83
Q

What are the anterior teeth and maxillary sinus supplied by?

A

The anterior superior alveolar arteries

84
Q

Where does branching of the palatine arteries occur

A

In the palatine canal to give the greater and lesser palatine arteries

85
Q

Which artery supplies the upper lip?

A

The superior labial artery which is a branch of the facial nerve

86
Q

Which vein is associated with the mental foramen?

A

The facial vein

87
Q

What supplies blood to the mandibular teeth?

A

The inferior alveolar nerve and its incisive branches

88
Q

Which artery supplies the nasal cavity?

A

The sphenopalatine artery

89
Q

Which artery supplies all of the hard palatine mucosa and palatine gingive?

A

The greater palatine nerve which is a branch of the maxillary nerve

90
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic veins?

A

The fusing of the internal jugular veins with the subclavian veins

91
Q

The deep and dorsal lingual nerves drain what?

A

The tongue

92
Q

The deep facial vein communicates closely with what?

A

The pterygoid plexus of veins

93
Q

Which veins are associated with the mandibular foramen?

A

The pterygoid venous plexus

94
Q

Which artery supplies the superficial structures to the face?

A

Facial artery

95
Q

Which artery supplies the tongue and floor of the mouth?

A

Lingual artery

96
Q

Which artery supplies the soft palate?

A

Brandie branches from the lingual, facial and maxillary arteries.

97
Q

Which artery supplies the hard palate?

A

greater palatine artery, a branch of the maxillary artery.

98
Q

Which artery supplies the lower teeth?

A

Inferior Alveolar artery and it’s incisive branch

Branches of a the maxillary artery

99
Q

Which artery supplies the upper teeth?

A

posterior and anterior superior alveolar arteries.

1ST YR - APM- Anatomy e lets (4 decks)

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