VASCULAR TRAUMA

Question 1

5 mechanisms of injury

Answer 1

Blunt
Penetrating
Blast
Thermal
Iatrogenic

Question 2

Pathophysiology (6)

Answer 2

Thrombosis
Transection
Pseudo aneurysm
AV fistula
Intimal flap
Vessel spam

Question 3

6 Hard signs

Answer 3

Pulsating haematoma
Expanding haematoma
Distal ischemia
Pulse deficit
Bruit, palpable thrill
Haemorrhage

Question 4

6 soft signs

Answer 4

Neurology
Unexplained hypotension
Decreased haemoglobin
First rib fracture
Non pulsation haematoma
Unexplained tachycardia

Question 5

3 Other Indications for imaging in absence of clinical signs

Answer 5

Dogbites
Multiple fractures
Proximal injuries ( tibial plateau #, knee dislocation, supracondylar #)

Question 6

5 Complications

Answer 6

Ischaemic repercussion injury
Graft occlusion
Amputation
Renal failure
DVT

Question 7

7 special circumstances

Answer 7

STI
Venous injuries
Associated #s
Fasciotomies
Minimal vascular injuries
Proximity injuries
Temporary intravascular shunting (TIVS)

Question 8

4 Interventions

Answer 8

Surgery
Endovascular
Amputation
Conservatism

Question 9

Imaging in the neck

Answer 9

Zone 1 and 3: Catheter directed angiogram / CT angiogram

Zone 2: Duplex

Question 10

Imaging in the mediastinum

Answer 10

CTA/ CDA

Question 11

Imaging in the peripheries

Answer 11

Duplex or CDA

Question 12

Examination

Answer 12

Haemodynamic status: stable or not
Pulse status
Assess viability of limb (fixed skin staining, neurological deficit)
Look for compartment syndrome