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HUB paper 2 > Vascular System > Flashcards

Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperemia

A

Excess supply of blood

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2
Q

Reactive Hyperemia

A

Myogenic & metabolic mechanism

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3
Q

Active Hyperemia

A

Metabolic mechanism

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4
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Growth of more capillaries - increase in s.a. - increased potential for greater flow

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5
Q

Angiogenic Factors causes & examples

A

Decrease in O2 levels - increase in angiogenic factors

VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) makes endothelial cells grow, migrate & invade

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6
Q

Anatomy of LHS coronary circulation

A
  • Left main coronary
  • LAD (left anterior descending artery) travels along intraventricular groove
  • Circumflex artery travels posteriorly
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7
Q

Anatomy of RHS coronary circulation

A

Right coronary artery runs posteriorly between RA & RV

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8
Q

During systole

A

Marked compression of microvasculature (system of tiny blood vessels)

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9
Q

Higher HR –>

A

Higher heart rate –> reduction in diastole –> mechanical reduction in time available for flow

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10
Q

Intramural pressure is greatest in

A

Endocardium

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11
Q

Blood flow equal between epi & endo

A

Despite intramural P greatest in endo - blood flow equal between epicardium & endocardium:
Higher vessel density in endocardium

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12
Q

Major inducer of vasodilation in heart circulation

A

Adenosine

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13
Q

How does Adenosine regulate VD:

A

Low levels of Ado - stimulate release of NO

Higher levels of ado - act directly on SMC

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14
Q

Effect of sympathetic activation on coronaries

A

Sympathetic (norepinephrine) activation results in VD in coronaries

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15
Q

Speed Up Diffusion

A

1) Thinner walls (thinner the membrane - faster diffusion rate)
2) Small molecular weight molecules (such as O2 & CO2 able to diffuse quicker)
3) Increase Pressure (increase O2 conc. - increase partial P of O2 across membrane - therefore faster diffusion rate)
4) Expand surface area (larger surface area
- higher diffusion rate)

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16
Q

Functional Sympatholysis

A

Decreased VC during increase in sympathetic activity

1) Directly constricts via alpha 1 adrenoreceptor
2) Increased metabolic rate due to inotropy (increased strength of contraction), HR increases via beta-adrenoreceptors –> Functional Sympatholysis (overrides alpha 1)

17
Q

Primary role of cutaneous circulation

A

Heat exchange: mainly regulated by sympathetic activity controlled by hypothalamic thermoregulatory centers

18
Q

What holds the majority of blood volume in skin

A

Venous plexus

19
Q

Cardiac % - in cutaneous regulation

A

Low temp - 0-3%

Severe heat stress - can increase to 50%

20
Q

2 Stages of Vasodilation in Cutaneous Circulation

A

1 - Passive: reduction in sympathetic adrenergic activity - decrease in norephinerine - AVs dilate - increase flow
2 - Active: sympathetic cholinergic activity - acetylcholine stimulates VD

21
Q

Villi are supplied by what order arterioles & capillaries

A

Villi are supplied by 3rd order arterioles & capillaries

22
Q

Intestinal Circulation primary function

A

Nutrient & water absorption

23
Q

Capillaries in hepatic circulation termed

A

Sinusoids

24
Q

Cerebral perfusion pressure

A

Cerebral perfusion pressure = MAP - ICP

25
Q

Two systems in Pulmonary circulation:

A

1 - Bronchial system: supplies nutrients for lungs

2 - Pulmonary system: supplies blood for gas exchange

26
Q

Pulmonary circulation haemodynamics & regulation

A

low pressure
low resistance
high compliance

27
Q

T/F: pulmonary circulation has autoregulation

A

F - does not have autoregulation of flow but does have autoregulation of pressure

28
Q

Coronary circulation: (1) Sympathetic, (2) Metabolic, (3) autoregulation control

A

1- Sympathetic control = weak
2 - metabolic control = strong
3 - autoregulation = strong

29
Q

Cerebral circulation (1) sympathetic, (2) metabolic & (3) autoregulation

A

1) sympathetic control = weak
2) metabolic control = strong
3) autoregulation = strong

30
Q

Skeletal muscle: 1 - sympat., 2- metabolic, 3 - autoregulation

A

1 - sympathetic control = moderate
2 - metabolic control = strong
3 - autoregulation = moderate

31
Q

Cutaneous circulation: 1 - sympathetic, 2 - metabolic, 3- autoregulation

A

1- sympathetic control = strong
2 - metabolic control = weak
3 - autoregulation = weak

32
Q

Intestinal circulation: 1 - sympathetic, 2 - metabolic, 3 - autoregulation

A

1 sympathetic control = strong
2 metabolic control = moderate
3 autoregulation = moderate

33
Q

Renal circulation - 1: sympathetic, 2: metabolic, 3: autoregulation

A

1 - sympathetic = strong
2 - metabolic = weak
3 - autoregulation = strong

34
Q

Pulmonary circulation: 1- sympathetic, 2 - metabolic, 3 - autoregulation

A

1 - sympathetic control = weak
2 - metabolic control = weak (hypoxic vasoconstriction - pulmonary arteries constrict in the presence of alveolar hypoxia)
3 - autoregulation = N/A

35
Q

During exercise - what mechanisms is used by skeletal muscle to increase flow

A

1 - Functional Sympatholysis
2 - Capillary recruitment
3 - Skeletal muscle pump
X reactive hyperemia

36
Q

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is generally very low due to mainly

A

Lymphatic system

37
Q

Major driving force for reabsorption of fluid in the circulatory system is:

A

Capillary oncotic pressure

38
Q

Increased sympathetic nerve activity causes the heart to experience

A

a - vasoconstriction
b - vasodilation
c - increased inotropy

39
Q

In which organ is its blood flow phasic in nature:

A

Heart

HUB paper 2 (6 decks)

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