vascular structure Flashcards
connection between two vessels
anastomosis
focal dilatation of an artery caused by a structural weakness in the wall
aneurysm
connection allowing communication between an artery and a vein
arteriovenous fistula
dilatation, expansion, or distension
ectasia
a metallic stent covered with fabric and placed inside an aneurysm to prevent rupture
endograft
any tissue or organ form implantation or transplantation
graft
an artificial substitute for a body part
prosthesis
caused by a hematoma that forms as a result of leaking hole in artery
pseudoaneurysm
the formation of a clot in a blood vessel
thrombosis
what is the inner most layer of a vessel wall?
tunica intima
T or F both arteries and veins contain valves to keep blood moving?
False
the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the SMA referred to as?
nutcracker phenomenon
what vein does not drain into the IVC?
portal vein
which vessel courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the aorta
left renal vein
which vessel lies posterior to the bile duct and anterior to the portal vein ?
hepatic artery
what do the SMV and the splenic vein join together to form?
portal vein
the celiac axis is _________ to the origin of the SMA
cephalad
which vessel lies posterior to the IVC?
rt renal artery
the portal vein carries blood to the liver from the
intestines
what is an aneurysm that is uniform in mature called?
fusiform
how large must an aorta diameter be to diagnose an aortic aneurysm?
3 cm
what is atypical sonographic appearance of an aortic distention?
thin layer flap seen pulsating w/ the aortic luman w/ blood flow visible on both sides of the flap
at what size does risk of rupture greatly increase in an abdominal aortic aneurysm
5 cm
Y or N is a dissecting aneurysm a complication of aortic endograft?
No
what is the most clinical symptom of renal artery stenosis?
hypertension
mesentaric insufficiency results from a hemodynamically significant stenosis or occlusion of two out of three of the vessels that supply the intestinal tract. which vessels are they?
SMA
celiac axis
IMA
what happens when the blood flow in the IVC is obstructed
the IVC will dilate distal to the obstruction
what is the most common cause of IVC obstruction
rt side heart failure
what vessels must be evaluated to rule out “budd-chiari” diease
IVC and hepatic veins
what is the most likely cause of hypertension?
cirrhosis of the liver
T or F markedly decreased doppler velocities at the level of stenosis
False
which type of aneurysm typically has a neck and demonstrates a swirling pattern on color doppler
pseudoaneurysm
when the pt has an abd aortic aneurysm, what is the greatest concern?
rupture
T or F the diameter of the portal vein is almost always decreased in cases of portal hypertension
False
arteries and veins are composed of what 3 layers
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica advertitia
which layer is thicker in arteries and is largely responsible for their elasticity and contractility
tunica media
the aorta originates off the _____
left ventericle
once the aorta penetrates the diaphragm it is called the
abdominal aorta
the aorta bifurcates into the
common illiac arteries
the three branches of the celiac axis are
gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery
the CA, SMA, and Ima originate from the _________ aspect of the aorta
anterior
the right and left renal arteries arise from the __________ aspect of the aorta
lateral
the IVC is formed by the junction of the
rt and lt common illiac veins
the IVC courses through the abdominal cavity to empty into the
rt atrium of the heart
The IVC will collapse on inspiration or expiration due to increased pressure?
inspiration
Th IVC will expand on _________ and ______ ______
expiration and suspended respiration
during the valsalva maneuvar the IVC lumen will
colapse
the portal vein is formed by the junction of what two veins at the portal confluence immediately posterior to the neck of the pancreas
splenic vein
inferior mesentaric vein
a form of arteriosclerosis that is characterized by an accumulation of lipids, blood product, and calcium along intimal lining of arteries
arthrosclerosis
which kind of aneurysm is a protrusion toward on side or the other.
saccular
what arteries should be examined to evaluate extension when an abdominal aneurysm is diagnosed?
renal arteries
illiac arteries
a separation of the layers of the aortic wall that typically presents with extreme chest or abdominal pain
dissection
an iliac artery aneurysm is most often a continuation of an ___________ __________ and tend to be __________
abdominal aortic aneurysm
bilateral
EVAR stands for
endovascular repair of AAA
an incomplete seal between the endograft and wall of aorta may result in an
endoleak
an endoleak may result in __________ or a ___________ of the aortic aneurysm
expansion
rupture
renal artry stenosis is most often a result of __________ and occurs at the _______
arthrosclerosis
origin
fibromuscular dysplasia causes renal artery stenosis less fequiency but these lesions are typically located in the _______ renal artery
distal
what results form a lack of adequate blood supply to the intestinal tract causing postpartium pain, weight loss, and change in bowel habits
Mesinteric insufficiency
malignant invasion of the IVC most commonly occurs from
renal cell carcinoma
respiratory changes are typically _______ or __________ below level of obstruction
decreased
absent
a syndrome in which the IVC and or one or more of the hepatic veins are occluded
budd-chiari
burr-chairi in primary form, the vessels are occluded by a congenital _____ or _______ and in secondary from they are occluded by _____ or ______
web or cord
tumor or thrombisis
multiple tortuous vessels in the region of the porta hepatis is called ________ -___________ of the portal vein.
cavernous transformation
normal portal vein measures
13mm
chronic thrombosis of the portal vein may ___________ the diameter
decrease
increased portal vein pressure
portal hypertension
signs and symptoms of portal hypertension
ascites
GI bleeding
portal hypertension can result in visible changes such as
esophageal verices
enlarged coronary vein
blood flow toward the liver is called
hepatopetal
blood flow away from the liver sometimes seen in portal hypertension is called
hepatofugal
TIPS stands for
transjugular intrahepatic portosystematic shunt
TIPS is used to decompress the portal vein by connecting the _________ with on of the __________ bypassing flow through liver
portal vein
haptic vein
what vessel is located anterior to the spine, left of the IVC and more posterior than distal?
Aorta
what vessel is anterior to the spine, rt pf the aorta and courses anteriorly to enter right atrium?
IVC
what vessel is anterior to the portal vein, left of common bile duct, and superior to the head of pancreas?
Hepatic artery
what vessel is superior to the body and tail of the pancreas?
splenic artery
what vessel is posterior to the body of the pancreas and the splenic vein, also anterior to aorta?
SMA
what vessel is posterior to the vena cava?
rt renal artery
what vessel is posterior to the body and tail of the panceas?
splenic vein
what vessel is rt of and parallel to the SMA?
SMV
what vessel is located anterior to aorta, posterior to the SMA and anterior to the right renal artery?
left renal vein
what vessel is anterior to the IVC?
portal vein
what vessel is anterior to the portal vein, rt of the hepatic artery?
common bile duct
