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Sonography A&P > vascular structure > Flashcards

vascular structure Flashcards

1
Q

connection between two vessels

A

anastomosis

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2
Q

focal dilatation of an artery caused by a structural weakness in the wall

A

aneurysm

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3
Q

connection allowing communication between an artery and a vein

A

arteriovenous fistula

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4
Q

dilatation, expansion, or distension

A

ectasia

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5
Q

a metallic stent covered with fabric and placed inside an aneurysm to prevent rupture

A

endograft

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6
Q

any tissue or organ form implantation or transplantation

A

graft

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7
Q

an artificial substitute for a body part

A

prosthesis

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8
Q

caused by a hematoma that forms as a result of leaking hole in artery

A

pseudoaneurysm

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9
Q

the formation of a clot in a blood vessel

A

thrombosis

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10
Q

what is the inner most layer of a vessel wall?

A

tunica intima

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11
Q

T or F both arteries and veins contain valves to keep blood moving?

A

False

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12
Q

the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the SMA referred to as?

A

nutcracker phenomenon

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13
Q

what vein does not drain into the IVC?

A

portal vein

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14
Q

which vessel courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the aorta

A

left renal vein

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15
Q

which vessel lies posterior to the bile duct and anterior to the portal vein ?

A

hepatic artery

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16
Q

what do the SMV and the splenic vein join together to form?

A

portal vein

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17
Q

the celiac axis is _________ to the origin of the SMA

A

cephalad

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18
Q

which vessel lies posterior to the IVC?

A

rt renal artery

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19
Q

the portal vein carries blood to the liver from the

A

intestines

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20
Q

what is an aneurysm that is uniform in mature called?

A

fusiform

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21
Q

how large must an aorta diameter be to diagnose an aortic aneurysm?

A

3 cm

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22
Q

what is atypical sonographic appearance of an aortic distention?

A

thin layer flap seen pulsating w/ the aortic luman w/ blood flow visible on both sides of the flap

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23
Q

at what size does risk of rupture greatly increase in an abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

5 cm

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24
Q

Y or N is a dissecting aneurysm a complication of aortic endograft?

A

No

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25
Q

what is the most clinical symptom of renal artery stenosis?

A

hypertension

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26
Q

mesentaric insufficiency results from a hemodynamically significant stenosis or occlusion of two out of three of the vessels that supply the intestinal tract. which vessels are they?

A

SMA
celiac axis
IMA

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27
Q

what happens when the blood flow in the IVC is obstructed

A

the IVC will dilate distal to the obstruction

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28
Q

what is the most common cause of IVC obstruction

A

rt side heart failure

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29
Q

what vessels must be evaluated to rule out “budd-chiari” diease

A

IVC and hepatic veins

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30
Q

what is the most likely cause of hypertension?

A

cirrhosis of the liver

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31
Q

T or F markedly decreased doppler velocities at the level of stenosis

A

False

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32
Q

which type of aneurysm typically has a neck and demonstrates a swirling pattern on color doppler

A

pseudoaneurysm

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33
Q

when the pt has an abd aortic aneurysm, what is the greatest concern?

A

rupture

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34
Q

T or F the diameter of the portal vein is almost always decreased in cases of portal hypertension

A

False

35
Q

arteries and veins are composed of what 3 layers

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica advertitia

36
Q

which layer is thicker in arteries and is largely responsible for their elasticity and contractility

A

tunica media

37
Q

the aorta originates off the _____

A

left ventericle

38
Q

once the aorta penetrates the diaphragm it is called the

A

abdominal aorta

39
Q

the aorta bifurcates into the

A

common illiac arteries

40
Q

the three branches of the celiac axis are

A

gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery

41
Q

the CA, SMA, and Ima originate from the _________ aspect of the aorta

A

anterior

42
Q

the right and left renal arteries arise from the __________ aspect of the aorta

A

lateral

43
Q

the IVC is formed by the junction of the

A

rt and lt common illiac veins

44
Q

the IVC courses through the abdominal cavity to empty into the

A

rt atrium of the heart

45
Q

The IVC will collapse on inspiration or expiration due to increased pressure?

A

inspiration

46
Q

Th IVC will expand on _________ and ______ ______

A

expiration and suspended respiration

47
Q

during the valsalva maneuvar the IVC lumen will

A

colapse

48
Q

the portal vein is formed by the junction of what two veins at the portal confluence immediately posterior to the neck of the pancreas

A

splenic vein

inferior mesentaric vein

49
Q

a form of arteriosclerosis that is characterized by an accumulation of lipids, blood product, and calcium along intimal lining of arteries

A

arthrosclerosis

50
Q

which kind of aneurysm is a protrusion toward on side or the other.

A

saccular

51
Q

what arteries should be examined to evaluate extension when an abdominal aneurysm is diagnosed?

A

renal arteries

illiac arteries

52
Q

a separation of the layers of the aortic wall that typically presents with extreme chest or abdominal pain

A

dissection

53
Q

an iliac artery aneurysm is most often a continuation of an ___________ __________ and tend to be __________

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

bilateral

54
Q

EVAR stands for

A

endovascular repair of AAA

55
Q

an incomplete seal between the endograft and wall of aorta may result in an

A

endoleak

56
Q

an endoleak may result in __________ or a ___________ of the aortic aneurysm

A

expansion

rupture

57
Q

renal artry stenosis is most often a result of __________ and occurs at the _______

A

arthrosclerosis

origin

58
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia causes renal artery stenosis less fequiency but these lesions are typically located in the _______ renal artery

A

distal

59
Q

what results form a lack of adequate blood supply to the intestinal tract causing postpartium pain, weight loss, and change in bowel habits

A

Mesinteric insufficiency

60
Q

malignant invasion of the IVC most commonly occurs from

A

renal cell carcinoma

61
Q

respiratory changes are typically _______ or __________ below level of obstruction

A

decreased

absent

62
Q

a syndrome in which the IVC and or one or more of the hepatic veins are occluded

A

budd-chiari

63
Q

burr-chairi in primary form, the vessels are occluded by a congenital _____ or _______ and in secondary from they are occluded by _____ or ______

A

web or cord

tumor or thrombisis

64
Q

multiple tortuous vessels in the region of the porta hepatis is called ________ -___________ of the portal vein.

A

cavernous transformation

65
Q

normal portal vein measures

A

13mm

66
Q

chronic thrombosis of the portal vein may ___________ the diameter

A

decrease

67
Q

increased portal vein pressure

A

portal hypertension

68
Q

signs and symptoms of portal hypertension

A

ascites

GI bleeding

69
Q

portal hypertension can result in visible changes such as

A

esophageal verices

enlarged coronary vein

70
Q

blood flow toward the liver is called

A

hepatopetal

71
Q

blood flow away from the liver sometimes seen in portal hypertension is called

A

hepatofugal

72
Q

TIPS stands for

A

transjugular intrahepatic portosystematic shunt

73
Q

TIPS is used to decompress the portal vein by connecting the _________ with on of the __________ bypassing flow through liver

A

portal vein

haptic vein

74
Q

what vessel is located anterior to the spine, left of the IVC and more posterior than distal?

A

Aorta

75
Q

what vessel is anterior to the spine, rt pf the aorta and courses anteriorly to enter right atrium?

A

IVC

76
Q

what vessel is anterior to the portal vein, left of common bile duct, and superior to the head of pancreas?

A

Hepatic artery

77
Q

what vessel is superior to the body and tail of the pancreas?

A

splenic artery

78
Q

what vessel is posterior to the body of the pancreas and the splenic vein, also anterior to aorta?

A

SMA

79
Q

what vessel is posterior to the vena cava?

A

rt renal artery

80
Q

what vessel is posterior to the body and tail of the panceas?

A

splenic vein

81
Q

what vessel is rt of and parallel to the SMA?

A

SMV

82
Q

what vessel is located anterior to aorta, posterior to the SMA and anterior to the right renal artery?

A

left renal vein

83
Q

what vessel is anterior to the IVC?

A

portal vein

84
Q

what vessel is anterior to the portal vein, rt of the hepatic artery?

A

common bile duct

Sonography A&P (3 decks)

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