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Biology Lecture Exam 2 > Vascular Plants | Vocab and Study > Flashcards

Vascular Plants | Vocab and Study Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main components of the Vascular system of plants

A

Roots, stems, and leaves

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2
Q

List the 2 reasons as to why Vascular plants are successful?

A

1) They have waxy cuticles

2) Stomata

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3
Q

Define a cuticle

A

A layer on the surface of a leaf that prevents waters loss

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4
Q

Define A stomata

A

Tiny holes on the underside of a leaf that is involved in the exchange of gasses and water

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5
Q

What do vascular plants have that non vasculars don’t?

A

A vascular system (leaves, stems, and roots)

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6
Q

Define a Xylem

A

They transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

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7
Q

What is the flow of a Xylem

A

Upwards only

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8
Q

Define Lignin and it’s purpose

A

It’s used to strengthen the cell wall of the Xylem

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9
Q

Define a Phloem

A

it’s used for the flow of water and minerals through the plant

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10
Q

What is the flow is a Phloem

A

Bidirectional

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11
Q

What surrounds the Xylem

A

The Phloem

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12
Q

Which generation is more dominant in vasuclar plants?

A

The Sporophyte

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13
Q

Why are vascualr plants larger and taller than non vascualr plants

A

The Sporophyte generaiton

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14
Q

What are the earliest vascular plants

A

Seedless vascular plants

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15
Q

For seedless Vasc plants, which period were they dominant

A

During the Carboniferous Period

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16
Q

What are the 4 main groups of Seedless Vasc Plants?

A

1) Club Mosses
2) Horsetails
3) Whisk Ferns
4) Ferns

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17
Q

How are seedless Vasc plants related to both bryophytes and seeded vasc plants?

A

They are somewhere in the middle

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18
Q

What to seedless plants produce?

A

Spores

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19
Q

What are the 3 pros for seedless vasc plants?

A

1) They are cheap and small
2) They require low resource investment from the parent plant
3) Produce spores in v high numbers

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20
Q

What are the 3 cons for seedless Vasc plants?

A

1) Wasteful and most spores are unsuccessful
2) Must land on good soil
3) Low resources to support the growing gametophyte

21
Q

Which seedless plant was the earliest vasc plant?

A

Club Mosses

22
Q

Define Rhizone

A

Continously growing horizontal underground stem which puts out lateral shoots

23
Q

Which seedless plant has reamined unchanged for 350 million years

A

Horsetails

24
Q

Define elators

A

Will coil around spores and unravel to increase the chances of a spores success during dry enviroment s

25
Q

Which seedless vasc plants have elators

A

Horsetails

26
Q

Which is the simples of the seedless vasc plants

A

Whisk Ferns

27
Q

Which is the largest group of seedless vasc plants

A

Ferns

28
Q

In ferns, what happens to the Sprophyte

A

They separate from the Gametophyte

29
Q

Define ferns

A

Fronds with sporangia on the underside

30
Q

Define sori

A

Clusters of Sporangia

31
Q

Another word for Seeded Vasc Plants

A

Gynosperms

32
Q

What are Gymnosperms reffered to?

A

The naked seed plants

33
Q

Do Gynmosperms produce flowers or fruits?

A

No

34
Q

What period did seeded vasc plant occur?

A

During the Carboniferous period

35
Q

What era were seeded vasc plants domninant?

A

The Mesozoic Era

36
Q

What does the seed contain in a seeded vasc plant

A

It contains the embryo sporophyte and seed protection

37
Q

What do pollen grains contain

A

The entire male gametophyte including the sperm

38
Q

What are the 4 types of Seeded Vascular Plants

A

1) Cycads
2) Ginkgos
3) Gnetophytes
4) Conifers

39
Q

What is an example of a Cycad?

A

Short, palm tree

40
Q

For Cycads how many cones do they produce

A

They produce 1 cone per tree

41
Q

Define Dioecious:

A

Male and female structures on different plants

42
Q

Define Monecious

A

Male and female structures on the same plants

43
Q

What seeded vasc plant has remained unchanged

A

The Ginkgos

44
Q

How many generations are in the Gnetophytes

A

3

45
Q

For conifers what are their tough, needle like leaves used for

A

Water conservation

46
Q

Why are conifers important

A

They are an important economic resource for wood

47
Q

For conifers which is bigger the male or female?

A

female

48
Q

For conifers which is smaller the male or female?

A

male

Biology Lecture Exam 2 (5 decks)

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