Vascular Physiology Flashcards by Evan Conover

what vessels are also known as capacitance vessels?

veins

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where is the largest drop of pressure in the circulatory system?

across the arteriolar-capillary junction

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average blood volume for women?

65 ml/kg

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average blood volume for men?

75 ml/kg

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average blood volume for infant?

80 ml/kg

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flow through a blood vessel is determined by what two things?

-pressure difference between the two ends of the vessels
-resistance of the vessel

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different sounds with laminar vs turbulent flow

laminar = silent
turbulent = murmur

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causes of turbulent blood flow?

-high velocities
-sharp turns in the circulation
-rough surfaces in the circulation (plaque)
-rapid narrowing of blood vessels (stenosis)

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resistance =

change in pressure / flow
p1-p2/Q

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normal TPR(SVR)

900-1200 dynes sec/cm5

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vascular distensibility is related to what?

increase in volume for each mmHg rise in pressure

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total peripheral resistance (TPR) aka SVR definition

combined resistance of all peripheral blood vessels in the systemic circuit

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pulse pressure

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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TPR (SVR) equation (dynes-sec/cm5)

(MAP-CVP)/CO x 80

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MAP is related to what two values?

cardiac output and peripheral resistance

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pulse pressure is related to what two values?

stroke volume and arterial compliance

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when Subha says vasoconstriction, she is referring to what vessel?

systemic arterioles

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as resistance decreases (vasodilation), the conductance is _________________

increased

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MAP equation

MAP=DBP+1/3(SBP-DBP)

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an increase in stroke volume will do what to pulse pressure?

increase

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a decrease in compliance will do what to pulse pressure?

increase

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what will arteriosclerosis do to pulse pressure?

increase (decreased compliance)

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how does aortic stenosis lead to a low pulse pressure?

decreased flow through the aortic valve leads to a low systolic pressure

what 3 things do carotid/aortic chemoreceptors sense?

dec O2,
inc. CO2
dec pH

CVP is synonymous with

right atrial pressure

the direction fluid moves at the capillary level is dependent on the difference between what two things?

net hydrostatic pressure net colloid osmotic pressure

normal hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries does what to fluid?

forces fluid out (filtration)

which alpha 2 receptor is responsible for vasoconstriction?

alpha 2B

what force opposes hydrostatic pressure?

colloid osmotic pressure

_______________ occurs more in arterial end of the capillary, while ________________ occurs more in the venous end.

filtration absorption

importance of the lymphatic system in net filtration?

fluid filtered is usually greater than fluid absorbed. the net extra fluid outside of the capillaries is absorbed by the lymphatic vessels

increased metabolic activity by an organ will have what effect on arterioles within the organ?

dilation

3 major effects of the bezold-Jarisch reflex?

bradycardia, hypotension, peripheral vasodilation

endothelin-1 will have what effect on arteriolar smooth muscle?

vasoconstriction

low BP effect on arterial baroreceptor action potential

decreased action potentials (less firing of afferent neurons)

the bainbridge reflex steps

-increase in RA pressure stretches SA node and increases HR -SA node sends signal to VMC which responds with inc HR and contractility

at what SBP are chemoreceptors stimulated?

below 80 mmHg

stage 1 hypertension

140/90 to 159/99 mmHg

what causes stimulation of the CNS ischemic response?

increase in CO2 d/t ischemia

at what pressure is the CNS ischemic response activated?

60 mmHg

Activation of low pressure receptors enhances Na and water excretion by: (3)

decreasing rate of ADH increase GFR decreasing Na+ reabsorption

most common factor among people with essential htn?

2/3 are overweight

hypertension is BP greater than?

140/90

where are low pressure receptors located?

atria and pulmonary arteries

CO is proportional to?

tissue o2 use

when is renin released?

vasoconstriction promotes thirst inc ADH inc aldosterone

Coronary perfusion pressure

difference between aortic diastolic pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure

Coronary perfusion pressure equation

CPP= ADP-LVEDP

when does most blood flow occur?

between contractions (diastole)

cigarette smoking effects on cholesterol?

decreases HDL, leading to increased amount of excessive cholesterol in the body

difference in how the left and right ventricular coronary arteries are perfused

left ventricular CA are only perfused during diastole

When is a mitral stenosis murmur heard?

last 3rd of diastole

what can cause circus movements after an MI. what would circus movements lead to?

impaired current of injured tissue cardiac dilation Fibrillation

nifidipine moa

Ca2+ entry blocker, causing dec HR and SVR

when is mitral regurgitation murmur heard?

throughout systole

which valvular dysfunction can lead to a widened pulse pressure?

aortic regurgitation

SVR in high CO heart failure

SVR is low