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pathophysiology II > Vascular Physiology > Flashcards

Vascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what vessels are also known as capacitance vessels?

A

veins

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2
Q

where is the largest drop of pressure in the circulatory system?

A

across the arteriolar-capillary junction

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3
Q

average blood volume for women?

A

65 ml/kg

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4
Q

average blood volume for men?

A

75 ml/kg

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5
Q

average blood volume for infant?

A

80 ml/kg

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6
Q

flow through a blood vessel is determined by what two things?

A

-pressure difference between the two ends of the vessels
-resistance of the vessel

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7
Q

different sounds with laminar vs turbulent flow

A

laminar = silent
turbulent = murmur

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8
Q

causes of turbulent blood flow?

A

-high velocities
-sharp turns in the circulation
-rough surfaces in the circulation (plaque)
-rapid narrowing of blood vessels (stenosis)

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9
Q

resistance =

A

change in pressure / flow
p1-p2/Q

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10
Q

normal TPR(SVR)

A

900-1200 dynes sec/cm5

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10
Q

vascular distensibility is related to what?

A

increase in volume for each mmHg rise in pressure

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10
Q

total peripheral resistance (TPR) aka SVR definition

A

combined resistance of all peripheral blood vessels in the systemic circuit

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11
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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12
Q

TPR (SVR) equation (dynes-sec/cm5)

A

(MAP-CVP)/CO x 80

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12
Q

MAP is related to what two values?

A

cardiac output and peripheral resistance

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12
Q

pulse pressure is related to what two values?

A

stroke volume and arterial compliance

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12
Q

when Subha says vasoconstriction, she is referring to what vessel?

A

systemic arterioles

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13
Q

as resistance decreases (vasodilation), the conductance is _________________

A

increased

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13
Q

MAP equation

A

MAP=DBP+1/3(SBP-DBP)

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14
Q

an increase in stroke volume will do what to pulse pressure?

A

increase

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14
Q

a decrease in compliance will do what to pulse pressure?

A

increase

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14
Q

what will arteriosclerosis do to pulse pressure?

A

increase (decreased compliance)

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15
Q

how does aortic stenosis lead to a low pulse pressure?

A

decreased flow through the aortic valve leads to a low systolic pressure

16
Q

what 3 things do carotid/aortic chemoreceptors sense?

A

dec O2,
inc. CO2
dec pH

17
Q

CVP is synonymous with

A

right atrial pressure

18
Q

the direction fluid moves at the capillary level is dependent on the difference between what two things?

A

net hydrostatic pressure
net colloid osmotic pressure

18
Q

normal hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries does what to fluid?

A

forces fluid out (filtration)

19
Q

which alpha 2 receptor is responsible for vasoconstriction?

A

alpha 2B

19
Q

what force opposes hydrostatic pressure?

A

colloid osmotic pressure

19
Q

_______________ occurs more in arterial end of the capillary, while ________________ occurs more in the venous end.

A

filtration
absorption

20
Q

importance of the lymphatic system in net filtration?

A

fluid filtered is usually greater than fluid absorbed. the net extra fluid outside of the capillaries is absorbed by the lymphatic vessels

21
Q

increased metabolic activity by an organ will have what effect on arterioles within the organ?

A

dilation

22
Q

3 major effects of the bezold-Jarisch reflex?

A

bradycardia, hypotension, peripheral vasodilation

22
Q

endothelin-1 will have what effect on arteriolar smooth muscle?

A

vasoconstriction

23
Q

low BP effect on arterial baroreceptor action potential

A

decreased action potentials (less firing of afferent neurons)

24
Q

the bainbridge reflex steps

A

-increase in RA pressure stretches SA node and increases HR
-SA node sends signal to VMC which responds with inc HR and contractility

24
Q

at what SBP are chemoreceptors stimulated?

A

below 80 mmHg

24
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

140/90 to 159/99 mmHg

25
Q

what causes stimulation of the CNS ischemic response?

A

increase in CO2 d/t ischemia

26
Q

at what pressure is the CNS ischemic response activated?

A

60 mmHg

26
Q

Activation of low pressure receptors enhances Na and water excretion by: (3)

A

decreasing rate of ADH
increase GFR
decreasing Na+ reabsorption

26
Q

most common factor among people with essential htn?

A

2/3 are overweight

26
Q

hypertension is BP greater than?

A

140/90

26
Q

where are low pressure receptors located?

A

atria and pulmonary arteries

26
Q

CO is proportional to?

A

tissue o2 use

27
Q

when is renin released?

A

vasoconstriction
promotes thirst
inc ADH
inc aldosterone

27
Q

Coronary perfusion pressure

A

difference between aortic diastolic pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure

27
Q

Coronary perfusion pressure equation

A

CPP= ADP-LVEDP

27
Q

when does most blood flow occur?

A

between contractions (diastole)

28
Q

cigarette smoking effects on cholesterol?

A

decreases HDL, leading to increased amount of excessive cholesterol in the body

28
Q

difference in how the left and right ventricular coronary arteries are perfused

A

left ventricular CA are only perfused during diastole

28
Q

When is a mitral stenosis murmur heard?

A

last 3rd of diastole

28
Q

what can cause circus movements after an MI. what would circus movements lead to?

A

impaired current of injured tissue
cardiac dilation
Fibrillation

29
Q

nifidipine moa

A

Ca2+ entry blocker, causing dec HR and SVR

30
Q

when is mitral regurgitation murmur heard?

A

throughout systole

31
Q

which valvular dysfunction can lead to a widened pulse pressure?

A

aortic regurgitation

31
Q

SVR in high CO heart failure

A

SVR is low

pathophysiology II (3 decks)

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