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Pathoma > Vascular Pathology > Flashcards

Vascular Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Most cases of vasculitis are

A

Not infectious

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2
Q

Large vessel vasculitis include

A

Temporal giant cell arteritis

Takayasu arteritis

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4
Q

Temporal giant cell arteritis

A

Most common form of vasculitis in older adults (>50) , usually affect females

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5
Q

Temporal giant cell arteritis symptoms with

Carotid artery branches affection

A 
Headache (temporal)
Visual disturbance (ophthalmic )
Jaw Claudication
Flu-like symptoms 
ESR is elevated
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6
Q

Temporal giant cell arteritis treatment

A

Corticosteroids

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7
Q

There is high risk of blindness without treatment of

A

Temporal giant cell arteritis

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8
Q

Takayasu arteritis present in

A

Adults <50 years old

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9
Q

Takayasu arteritis symptoms with affection aortic arch at branch point

A

Visual and neurologic symptoms
Weak or absent pulse in upper extremity “pulseless disease”
ESR is elevated

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10
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A

Necrotizing vasculitis
Involve most organs
***Lungs are spared

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11
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa present in young adults with symptoms of

A

Hypertension (renal artery)
Abdominal pain and melena (mesentric artery )
Neurologic disturbance
Skin lesions

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12
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa associated with

A

Serum HBsAg

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13
Q

In polyarteritis nodosa , lesions of varying stage are present result in

A

*****String of pearls appearance on imaging

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14
Q

Kawasaki disease classically affects

A

Asian children <4 years

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15
Q

Coronary artery involvement is common with

A

Kawasaki disease

Thrombosis with MI , aneurysm with rupture

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16
Q

Kawasaki disease present with

A

Fever
Conjunctivitis
Erythematous rash of palms and soles
Enlarged cervical lymph nodes

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17
Q

Buerger disease highly associated with

A

Smoking

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18
Q

Buerger disease

A

.Necrotizing vasculitis involving digits
.Present with ulceration , gangrene and autoamputation of fingers and toes
.Ranaud phenomenon often present

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19
Q

Medium vessel vasculitis include

A

Polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki disease
Buerger disease

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20
Q

Takayasu arteritis treatment

A

Corticosteroids

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21
Q

Wegener granulomatosis

A

Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis involving nasopharynx ,lungs and kidney

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22
Q

Wegener granulomatosis present with

A

Sinusitis and nasopharyngeal ulceration
Hemoptysis and bilateral nodular lung infeltrate
Hematuria due RPGN
Serum c-ANCA correlate with disease activity

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23
Q

WG present in

A

Middle aged males

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24
Q

Microscopic polyangiitis similar to WG but ……………. and ……………. are absent

A

Nasopharyngeal involvement , granuloma

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25
Q

Serum p-ANCA level correlate with

A

Microscopic polyangiitis activity and churg Strauss syndrome

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26
Q

Churg Strauss syndrome

A

Necrotizing ***granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophils

Present with **Asthma and **peripheral eosinophilia

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27
Q

HSP

A

Vasculitis due to IgA immune complex deposition

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28
Q

Most common vasculitis in children is

A

HSP

29
Q

HSP present with

A

Palpable purpura on buttock and legs

**Hematuria (IgA nephrolathy)

30
Q

HSP usually occur after

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

31
Q

Systemic hypertension defined as

A

> 140/90 mmHg

32
Q

Primary HTN due to

A

Unknown etiology (95% of cases)

33
Q

Primary HTN risk factors

A 
Age 
Race 
Obesity 
Stress 
Lack of physical exercise 
High salt diet
34
Q

In Renal artery stenosis there is

A

Increased plasma renin

Unilateral atrophy of affected kidney

35
Q

Important causes of renal artery stenosis

A
  1. Ahtherosclerosis (in elderly males)

2. Fibromuscular dysplasia ( in young females)

36
Q

Benign HTN

A

Mild or moderate elevation in blood pressure

Classically silent , vessels and organs are damaged over time

37
Q

Malignant HTN definition

A

Severe elevation in BP (>200/120)

May arise from preexisting benign HTN or de novo

38
Q

Malignant HTN present with acute organ damage as :

A

.Acute renal failure , headache and papilledema

.Medical emergency

39
Q

Three pathological pattern of arteriosclerosis

A

Atherosclerosis
Arteriolosclerosis
Monckeyberg medial sclerosis

40
Q

Atherosclerosis is

A

Intimate plaque that obstruct the blood flow

41
Q

Modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis

A

HTN
Hypercholesterolemia
Smoking
Diabetes

42
Q

Nonmodifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis

A

Age
Gender
Genetics

43
Q

Complications of stenosis medium sized vessels

A

Peripheral vascular disease (popliteal a.)
Angina (coronary a.)
Ischemic bowel disease (mesenteric a.)

44
Q

Complication of plaque raputure with thrombosis

A

MI (coronary a.)

Stroke (middle cerebral a.)

45
Q

Complications of atherosclerosis

A

Stenosis
Plaque raputure with thrombosis
Plaque raputure with embolisation
Weaking of vessel wall (aneurysm )

46
Q

Arteriolosclerosis types

A

Hyaline and hyperplastic

47
Q

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis caused by

A

Leakage of protein into the vessel wall

48
Q

*****Hyaline arteriolosclerosis seen in

A

Benign HTN

Diabetes

49
Q

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis classically produce

A 
Glomerular scaring (arteriolonephrosclerosis)
Progress to chronic renal failure
50
Q

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis show

A

Onion skin appearance

51
Q

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis seen with

A

Malignant HTN

52
Q

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis classically causes

A

Acute renal failure with flea bitten appearance

53
Q

May lead to fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall

A

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

54
Q

Monckeyberg medial calcific sclerosis

A

Classification of the media , non-obstructive

55
Q

Aortic dissection definition

A

Intimal tear with dissection of blood through the media of aortic wall

56
Q

Aortic dissection occurs in

A

The proximal 10cm of the aorta with preexisting weakness of the media

57
Q

Causes of Aortic dissection

A

HTN (most common cause)

Inherited defects of connective tissue

58
Q

Aortic dissection present with

A

Sharp tearing chest pain radiate to the back

59
Q

Aortic dissection complication is

A

Pericardial tamponade (most common cause of death)

60
Q

Thoracic aneurysm is

A

Ballon-like dilation of the thoracic aorta

Due to weakness in the aortic wall

61
Q

Thoracic aneurysm classically seen in

A

Tertiary syphilis (result in tree-bark appearance of aorta)

62
Q

Complications of thoracic aneurysm

A
  1. Dilation of aortic valve root result in aortic insufficiency
  2. Compression of mediastinal structures
  3. Thrombosis/embolism
63
Q

AAA (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) usually occur at

A

***** below the renal arteries but above the aortic bifurcation

64
Q

AAA primarily due to

A

Atherosclerosis (classically seen in male smokers >60yrs old with HTN)

65
Q

AAA presentation

A

.Pulsatile abdominal mass

.Grows with time

66
Q

Major complication of AAA is

A

Rupture , especially when >5cm in diameter

67
Q

AAA rupture present with triad of

A

Hypotension , pulsatile abdominal mass and flank pain

Pathoma (4 decks)

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