Vascular Mod 1

Question 1

Strandness criteria for carotid stenosis (University of Washington)

Answer 1

1-15% = no flow reversal in bulb
16-49% = spectral broadening
50-79% = PSV > 125; EDV < 140 cm/s
80-99% = EDV > 140 cm/s
Occlusion = no flow detected

Question 2

Correlation between ECST and NASCET measurements

Answer 2

0% NASCET = 50% ECST

70% NASCET - 83% ECST

Question 3

Peak systolic velocity only to define stenosis

Answer 3

< 125 cm/s is < 50% stenosis
125-230 cm/s = 50-69% stenosis
>230 cm/s is > 70% stenosis

Question 4

Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference criteria for carotid stenosis

Answer 4

PAGE 11 FIGURE

Question 5

Plaque features

Answer 5

1) homogenous vs heterogenous
2) hypoechoic content (thrombus, lipid, artifact)
3) irregular surface
4) fibrous cap

Question 6

causes of moderate PSV increase without spectral broadening

Answer 6

1) contralateral carotid occlusion

2) angle correction errors

Question 7

Signs of subclavian artery disease

Answer 7

1) bilateral pressure difference 20 mmHg
2) focal velocity ratio > 2
3) post-stenotic turbulence
4) tardus-parvus waveform

Question 8

Time dependent damage from radiation

Answer 8

Early (< 5 years) = intimal damage, fibrosis
Delayed (5-10 years) = fibrotic occlusion
Late (> 10 years) = periarterial fibrosis and atherosclerosis