Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 - Cardiovascular > Vascular Disorders > Flashcards

Vascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What does ‘vascular disorders’ include?

A

DVT and PE
Abdominal Aortic Aneurism
Peripheral vascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a DVT?

A

Fibrin-rich clot formed in deep venous system of lower limb due to activation of clotting cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of DVT?

A

Hot, swollen and tender calf

Pitting oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the investigations for DVT?

A

Well’s score
D dimer
Doppler USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of PE?

A

Acute dyspnoea
Pleuritic chest pain
Haemoptysis
Collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the diagnostic investigation for PE?

A

CTPA

V/Q scan if CTPA contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What may an ECG show in PE?

A

Right ventricular strain
RBBB
Tachycardia
S1, QIII, TIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for PE or DVT?

A

LMWH first
Warfarin or DOAC (rivaroxiban or apixaban)
Thrombolysis if haemodynamically unstable
Vena caval filter if recurrent emboli despite medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is peripheral arterial disease?

A

Stenosis of arteries in the leg due to atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first stage of peripheral artery disease?

A

Intermittent claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

Ischaemia of leg muscles during exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms of peripheral arterial disease?

A

Calf pain which is only present on exertion and goes away at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the investigation for peripheral artery disease?

A

ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index)
Doppler USS
CT/MRI angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the values of ABPI that indicates normal, peripheral arterial disease or critical ischaemia?

A

Normal - 1-1.2
Peripheral arterial disease - 0.5-0.9
Critical ischaemia - <0.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for peripheral arterial disease?

A

Smoking cessation
Other lifestyle
Anti-platelets
Graded exercise - must keep going even if painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the surgical options for peripheral artery disease?

A

Angiplasty +/- stenting

Bypass

17
Q

What is critical limb ischaemia?

A

Ischaemia signified by ulceration, gangrene or pain at rest and needs urgent attention

18
Q

What are the signs of acute limb ischaemia?

A 
Pain at rest, worse at night
Pallor
Perishingly cold
Pulseless
Paraesthesia
Paralysis
19
Q

What is salvageable acute limb ischaemia?

A

0-4 hours
White foot
Painful
Sensorimotor defect

20
Q

What is partly salvageable acute limb ischaemia?

A

4-12 hours
Mottled
Blanches on pressure

21
Q

What is non-salvageable acute limb ischaemia?

A 
>12 hours
Fixed mottling
Non-blanching
Compartments tender/red
Paralysis
22
Q

What is the treatment for salvageable limb ischaemia?

A

Embolectomy, fasciotomy or thrombolysis

23
Q

What is the treatment for non-salvageable limb ischaemia?

A

Amputation

24
Q

What is an aneurism?

A

Dilation of a vessel by more than 50% of its normal diameter

25
Q

What classed as an abdominal aortic aneurism?

A

Aorta dilated >3cm

26
Q

What is AAA caused by?

A

Degeneration of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle in aortic wall

27
Q

What is the male to female ratio in AAA?

A

6:1

28
Q

How are men over 65 monitored for AAA?

A

Duplex USS

29
Q

Are most AAA symptomatic or not?

A

Most are asymptomatic

30
Q

When is AAA treated?

A

If over 5.5cm or growing 1cm.year or symptomatic

31
Q

What is the treatment for AAA?

A

Open repair or EVAR stenting

32
Q

What are the symptoms of ruptured AAA?

A

Abdominal pain radiating to the back with expansile abdominal mass
Shock

33
Q

What is the treatment for ruptured AAA?

A

Open repair

34
Q

What causes thoracic aortic dissection?

A

Blood enters through intima and splits media

35
Q

What is the main symptom of thoracic aortic dissection?

A

Sudden tearing chest pain radiating to the back

36
Q

What is thoracic aortic dissection associated with?

A

Marfan’s syndrome

Y1 - Cardiovascular (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions