Vascular diseases

Question 1

Classification of vascular diseases

Answer 1

Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Immunological vascular diseases
Unknown causes

Question 2

Examples of unknown causes of vascular diseases

Answer 2

1. Scleroderma
2. Cranial (Giant Cell) Arteritis
3. Takayasu’s Disease
4. Buerger’s disease

Question 3

Effects of arteriosclerosis on the blood vessel

Answer 3

1. Fibrous thickening of the intima
2. Fibrosis & scarring of media w/ accumulation of mucopolysaccharide
3. Fragmentation of elastic laminae

Question 4

The venous diseases of the lower limb

Answer 4

1. Varicose veins
2. Deep vein thrombosis
3. Post-phlebic Syndrome

Question 5

Types of aneurysm

Answer 5

1.Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic
2.Aortic dissection (Cystic medial
necrosis)
3.Syphilitic
4.Mycotic (infective)
5.Berry
6.Micro-aneurysms

Question 6

Clinical features of Acute Peripheral Vascular Disease

hint: 5Ps

Answer 6

Pain 
Pallor 
Paralysis 
Pulseless 
Parenthesis

Question 7

Signs of death of Acute Peripheral Vascular Disease

Answer 7

flexor rigidity
motor loss
sensory loss
fixed skin staining

Question 8

Etiology: Acute Peripheral Vascular Disease

Answer 8

1. Thrombi
2. Emboli
3. Trauma
4. Iatrogenic

Question 9

Chronic Peripheral Vascular Disease: Critical Ischaemia clinical signs and symptoms

Answer 9

1. Rest Pain : bruning / worse at night / better when working
2. Impotence : aorto-iliac disease / bilateral iliac disease / Le Riche Sx
3. Ulceration
4. Gangrene

Question 10

Describe what Intermittent Claudification is

Answer 10

Ischaemic muscle pain due to occlusion of a specific muscle group -> occurs
during exercise -> improves with rest -> Incapacitation leads to Rx

Question 11

Deep Vein Thrombus clinical presentation

Answer 11

1. Swelling / pain / warmth / sensitivity
2. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens: blue edema
3. Plegmasia alba dolens : white leg

Question 12

Systemic diseases of connective tissue disorders

Answer 12

1. Reiters Syndrome
2. Psoriatic Arthritis
3. Ankylosing Spondylitis
4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
5. Bechet’s Syndrome

Question 13

Clinical presentation of varicose veins

Answer 13

pain 
swelling 
heavy feeling 
cramos 
itching 
cosmesis (long term : stasis / dermatitis / ulceration / bleeding)

Question 14

Intermittent Claudification signs

Answer 14

Absent pulse 
bruit 
pallor
rubor 
cold 
atrophy / skin changes / 
ulceration / gangrene

Question 15

Intermittent Claudification signs

Answer 15

Absent pulse 
bruit 
pallor
rubor 
cold 
atrophy
skin changes 
ulceration 
gangrene