Vascular Disease Flashcards
Cause of familial hypercholesterolaemia
Mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene
Risk factors (and signs) of familial hypercholesterolaemia
Obesity and a history of cardiovascular disease
Signs on examination of familial hypercholesterolaemia
Tendon xanthoma
Xanthelasma
Investigations for lipid disorders (inc. familial hypercholesterolaemia)
Lipid profiles
Levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TGs
Genetic testing
Medical management of excessive lipid disorders (inc. familial hypercholesterolaemia)
Statins
Bile acid sequestriants (cholestyramine)
Niacin
Complications of lipid disorders
Ischaemic heart disease
ACS
Peripheral vascular disease
Stroke
Erectile dysfunction
Mesenteric ischaemia
Symptoms of lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Episodic abdominal pain
Recurrent pancreatitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Tendon xanthoma
Xanthelasma
Examples of antiplatelets
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
Indications for antiplatelets
ACS
To prevent thrombotic events in CVD and PVD
Contraindications for antiplatelets
NSAIDs
Other anticoagulants, warfarin
Indications for aspirin
ACS
Long term thrombotic events
TIA
Warfarin indications
VTE
Lifelong anticoagulation for mechanical heart valves
Target INR for warfarin
2-3 (2.5)
Target INR for mechanical heart valves
2.5-3.5 (3)
CHA2DS2-VASc
CHF
Hypertension
Age >75 (2)
Diabetes
Stroke (2)
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex - female
Examples of DOACs
Apixaban
Dabigabtran
Rivaroxaban
Examples of LMWH
Enoxaparin
Tinzaparin
Dalteparin
When is unfractionated heparin used?
When the treatment will last less than 48 hours
Conditions that predispose patients to blood clots
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Factor V Leiden
Antithrombin deficiency
Protein C and S deficiency
Score used to balance the risk of bleeding and clotting
CHA2DS2-VASc
What clotting factors does warfarin inhibit?
2 (prothrombin)
7
9
10
Protein C and S
