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Stage 2 Medicine > Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

Mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene

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2
Q

Risk factors (and signs) of familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

Obesity and a history of cardiovascular disease

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3
Q

Signs on examination of familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

Tendon xanthoma
Xanthelasma

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4
Q

Investigations for lipid disorders (inc. familial hypercholesterolaemia)

A

Lipid profiles
Levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TGs
Genetic testing

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5
Q

Medical management of excessive lipid disorders (inc. familial hypercholesterolaemia)

A

Statins
Bile acid sequestriants (cholestyramine)
Niacin

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6
Q

Complications of lipid disorders

A

Ischaemic heart disease
ACS
Peripheral vascular disease
Stroke
Erectile dysfunction
Mesenteric ischaemia

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7
Q

Symptoms of lipoprotein lipase deficiency

A

Episodic abdominal pain
Recurrent pancreatitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Tendon xanthoma
Xanthelasma

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8
Q

Examples of antiplatelets

A

Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor

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9
Q

Indications for antiplatelets

A

ACS
To prevent thrombotic events in CVD and PVD

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10
Q

Contraindications for antiplatelets

A

NSAIDs
Other anticoagulants, warfarin

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11
Q

Indications for aspirin

A

ACS
Long term thrombotic events
TIA

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12
Q

Warfarin indications

A

VTE
Lifelong anticoagulation for mechanical heart valves

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13
Q

Target INR for warfarin

A

2-3 (2.5)

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14
Q

Target INR for mechanical heart valves

A

2.5-3.5 (3)

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15
Q

CHA2DS2-VASc

A

CHF
Hypertension
Age >75 (2)
Diabetes
Stroke (2)
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex - female

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16
Q

Examples of DOACs

A

Apixaban
Dabigabtran
Rivaroxaban

17
Q

Examples of LMWH

A

Enoxaparin
Tinzaparin
Dalteparin

18
Q

When is unfractionated heparin used?

A

When the treatment will last less than 48 hours

19
Q

Conditions that predispose patients to blood clots

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome
Factor V Leiden
Antithrombin deficiency
Protein C and S deficiency

20
Q

Score used to balance the risk of bleeding and clotting

A

CHA2DS2-VASc

21
Q

What clotting factors does warfarin inhibit?

A

2 (prothrombin)
7
9
10
Protein C and S

Stage 2 Medicine (19 decks)

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