Vascular Conditions - Central retinal artery occlusion, Central retinal vein occlusion, Diabetic retinopathy

Question 1

CRAO
-pathophysiology
-presentation
-management

Answer 1

Thromboembolic/arteritis occlusion of retinal artery

Sudden painless unilateral visual loss
RAPD
Cherry red spot on pale retina

OPTHAMOLOGY REFERRAL!
Treat underlying cause
-CRP, ESR high in TA => IV CS
-carotid artery doppler for carotid atherosclerosis
-echo, holter for cardiogenic embolus
-bloods (coag, FBC, vasculitis, lipids, fasting BM)

Acute
-intraarterial thrombolysis
-ocular massage

Question 2

CRVO
-risk factors
-presentation
-management

Answer 2

Age, HTN, CVD, glaucoma, polycythemia

Sudden painless unilateral loss of vision
Widespread hyperemia
Stormy sunset/flame retinal hemorrhage

Conservative
Macular edema => VEGF
Retinal neovascularisation => laser photocoagulation