Vascular Chapter 7 Flashcards
Which vascular artery has multiple branches within the neck?
External Carotid Artery
What’s is the first branch off the ECA?
Superior Thyroid Artery
The ECA spectral waveform will oscillate with _______
Temporal tap
The ICA typically runs _______ to the ECA
Posterior
A mobile appearing white line echo in the CCA is most likely _________ from the IJV
Reverberation artifact
What should be used to help identify areas of aliasing, mosaic flow patterns or speckling that could indicate a bruit?
Color Doppler
What measures the flow velocities and document waveform contours?
Pulsed wave spectral Doppler
What type of transducer and frequency are used for a Carotid scan?
Linear array 7-4 MHz
Yin-yang indicates _____ flow in the bulb
Normal
What are normal B-mode characteristics?
-smooth vessel walls
-lumen is anechoic
-intimal-medial layer clearly visible and uniform
Where does plaque most commonly occur?
CCA bifurcation
By ultrasound, plaque is usually classified as:
Smooth vs irregular
Homogenous plaque is uniform in appearance and is often ____ echogenicity (high lipid content)
Low
Heterogeneous plaque is _____ echogenicity (Fatty material + calcium)
Mixed
Extensive characterization of plaque in B-mode imaging is __________
Controversial
Doppler wave form contour is related to:
-cardiac output
-vessel compliance
-peripheral resistance
Has highest diastolic velocities with lowest peripheral resistance that feeds the brain
ICA
Has lowest diastolic velocities with highest peripheral resistance and feeds the face
ECA
Has intermediate diastolic velocities and has characteristics of both ICA and ECA
CCA
Carotid bulb contains baroreceptors that assist in
Blood pressure control
Carotid bodies located nearby the bulb have chemoreceptors that are involved in
Control of the respiratory rate
As plaque develops, it can fill the bulb , reducing ________
Flow separation
Absence of flow reversal can be considered
Abnormal
Tardus-parvus
Low velocity flow with delayed acceleration
Spectral broadening normally represents
Turbulent flow
With a very significant stenosis, proximal wave form will display a:
More high-resistance pattern (decreased or absent diastolic flow)
Waveform contours can be “hesitant” meaning…
Antegrade flow with deep flow reversal notch
Flow that is beginning to show signs of reversals but not completely retrograde
Latent steal
Complete retrograde of involved vessel
Complete steal
Blunted, somewhat resistive waveforms that precede complete occlusion. Most commonly found on the ICA.
String sign
To detect a string sign:
-low scale
-high gain
-power Doppler
What flow pattern indicated severe stenosis or occlusion distal to the segment evaluated
High resistance flow
Proximal vertebral artery stenosis will produce;
Abnormal antegrade dampened waveforms distally with delayed acceleration and rounded peaks.
Hemodynamically significant stenosis in the proximal subclavian artery causing changes to vertebral artery flow
Subclavian steal
Proactive test used to augment a subclavian steal from “latent” to “complete”
Reactive hyperemia
