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Vascular > Vascular: Chapt 2 Pt.1 > Flashcards

Vascular: Chapt 2 Pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

permanent or semi-permanent impairment

A

Cerebrovascular accident

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2
Q

symptoms resolve within 24 hrs

A

Transient Ischemic Attack- TIA

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3
Q

weakness on one side of body, face, arm, leg

A

Hemiparesis

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4
Q

total paralysis of one half of body, face, arm, leg

A

Hemiplegia

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5
Q

numbness and tingling of extremities

A

Parenthesis

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6
Q

cebrovascular symptoms

A
  1. Cerebrovascular accident– CVA- stroke

2. Transient Ischemic Attack- TIA

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7
Q

what are 5 cebrovascular symptoms

A
  1. hemiparesis
  2. hemiplegia
  3. Parenthesis
  4. general weakness/ motor dysfunction
  5. visual disturbances
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8
Q

Ipsilateral symptom

“shade being drawn over one eye field of view”

A

Amaurosis Fugax

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9
Q

what are the three speech difficulties

A
  1. aphasia
  2. dysphasia
  3. dysarthria
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10
Q

what is aphasia

A

inability to speak or express onself

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11
Q

what is dysphasia

A

impairment of speech, failure to arrange words correctly

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12
Q

what is dysarthia

A

imperfect articulation, due to disturbances in muscle control

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13
Q

what are the 4 symtoms of cartoid distribution

A
  1. speech difficulty- usually left hemishphere
  2. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech.
  3. Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
  4. Death
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14
Q

what are the 7 vertebral basilar symptoms

A
  1. Drop attacks
  2. Blackouts
  3. Syncope
  4. Memory loss
  5. Vertigo
  6. Dizziness
  7. Diplopia (double vision)
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15
Q

CVA causes(3)

A
  1. Cardiac
    - emboli
    - cessation of perfusion
  2. Carotid etiology ≈ 50%
    - thrombosis- occlusion
    - emboli to brain
  3. Aneurysm rupture
    - Intracranial hemorrhage
    - Vasospasm
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16
Q

What is “The Room of Doom”

A

ulceration/ source of an emboli

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17
Q

what may not be catastrophic, and may only causing minor, transient symptoms

A

Small emboli to distal middle cerebral artery branch

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18
Q

what may cause a major infarct

A

Large emboli

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19
Q

what are the 6 cebrovascular risk factors

A
  1. Family history of PAD, Heart Disease
  2. Smoking
  3. Old Age
  4. Diabetes mellitus
  5. Hypertension
  6. High cholesterol
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20
Q

what is another name for ICA

A

Syphon

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21
Q

what are 2 Circle of Willis Anomalies

A
  1. Only 50% of population have an intact and functioning circle (estimated).
  2. Only 25 % have the classic configuration
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22
Q

what % of population have a intact and functioning Circle of Willis

A

50

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23
Q

what % of population have the classic configuration of the circle of willis

A

25

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24
Q

what is the protocol for vascular scanning

A

1.Patient history
2.Transverse imaging
3.Longitudinal imaging
4.Color Doppler
5.Spectral Doppler
“mapping” of any areas of flow disturbance

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25
Q

what is a good scan position?

A

Hand and arm must be stable, you must be able to scan from

Posteriolateral plane.

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26
Q

what is the best approach to scanning the ICA

A

posterior lateral

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27
Q

what is the common imaging error amoung beginner scanners

A

using anterior- lateral approach for ICA

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28
Q

what 3 approaches should be used when getting a transverse image

A

anterior, posterior and lateral approaches.

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29
Q

when scanning transverse right neck for the CCA, what should be to the rt. of the CCA

A

Thyroid

30
Q

What is before the bifurcation of the ICA

A

the bulb

31
Q

what should be to the left of the CCA when scanning transverse left side neck

A

thyroid

32
Q

low resistance

A

ICA

33
Q

high resistance

A

ECA

34
Q

which has branches, ICA or ECA

A

ECA

35
Q

which is not reliable when diseased, ICA or ECA

A

ICA

36
Q

Which has a posterior position, ICA or ECA

A

ICA

37
Q

From the distal CCA, pivot the transducer towards the chin to view what?

A

ECA

38
Q

From the distal CCA, pivot the transducer towards the bed to view what?

A

ICA

39
Q

what lies deep or superficial to the ECA

A

ICA

40
Q

what is an anatomic feature to help differentiate ICA from ECA

A

the shape of the proximal ICA or Bulb

41
Q

what can be a useful tool in identifying the ECA, but it is often unreliable

A

temporal tap

42
Q

in which view can plaque be made to appear more or less stenotic

A

longitudinal view

43
Q

what is altered in a carotid exam?

A

color doppler

44
Q

name 3 color doppler contols

A
  1. Beam Steering (lcr)
  2. Color scale
  3. Color Gain
45
Q

The bottom corner of the box should be steered in the ________ direction that the vessel is going deep

A

same

46
Q

Arterial color scale is around

A

30

47
Q

Venous color scale is around

A

12

48
Q

what fills vessel but doesn’t speckle outside of the box

A

color gain

49
Q

smaller color box helps what?

A

frame rate

50
Q

where should you position the color box?

A

over the vessel of interest

51
Q

Color saturation is based on ______ flow within the vessel

A

mean

52
Q

What is Color Doppler Flow Imaging?

A

presence of flow
direction of flow
quality of flow

53
Q

What do you need to know about Color Doppler in order to use it CORRECTLY

A
  1. Must have an angle
  2. Must know the direction of flow (perpendicular incidence)
  3. Understand color orientation & color bar
  4. Know how to steer the color box
  5. Know appropriate way to adjust color scale
  6. Know appropriate way to adjust the color gain
  7. Know how to adjust additional color controls
54
Q

No angle means what

A

No flow

55
Q

Two ways to acquire angle of color doppler

A
  1. Heel-toe (rock) the transducer

2. Steer the color box

56
Q

when using color doppler why would both red and blue be seen?

A

vessel is perpendicular

57
Q

using color doppler;color on bottom represents what

A

represents flow going away from the beam signal

58
Q

using color doppler; color on top represents what

A

represents flow coming toward the beam signal

59
Q

where is the color baseline

A

maintained in the center

-positive and negative flow scales will be equal

60
Q

Red over blue

A

Flow towards signal will be red

Flow away from the signal will be blue

61
Q

what are the color doppler rules?

A
  1. know the direction of flow

2. steer the box

62
Q

artery flow goes what way in the neck

A

from right side of screen to left side of screen

veins will go opposite direction

63
Q

vein flows in what direction in the abdomen

A

right to left

- arteries go in opposite direction

64
Q

transverse imagaing the color box will be steered in what direction

A

centered

65
Q

By not steering the doppler, what may be improved

A

depth penetration

66
Q

when diving deep what way should you steer the colored box?

A

centered

67
Q

color doppler protocol

A

1.Regions of flow disturbance noted
-Indicates turbulence, increased velocities, Aliasing
2. For low flow:
-Ex: occlusions suspected, sometimes distal ICA, sometimes vertebral
Decrease the Scale, Increase the Gain

68
Q

which is more sensitive color doppler or power doppler

A

power doppler

69
Q

what is power doppler disadvantage?

A

Removes hemodynamic information

70
Q

info on Power Doppler

A
  • More sensitive to flow than color Doppler
  • Very low dependence on angle

-Based on the amplitude of the returning Doppler signal
Greater the amplitude of the returning signal the better the representation of flow

No directional information
Flow is encoded one color, independent of direction
Some manufacturers are engineering directional power Doppler into their machines

Subject to “blooming” of the display due to very high sensitivity

71
Q

in low flow you will _______the scale and ______the gain

A

decrease the scale, increase the gain

Vascular (4 decks)

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