Vascular Access And Catheters Flashcards
Which venous access points are commonly used for inserting the catheter in Right Heart Catheterization?
A) Radial and ulnar veins
B) Pulmonary and hepatic veins
C) Internal jugular, brachial, or femoral vein
D) Coronary arteries
C) Internal jugular, brachial, or femoral vein
What are the typical measurements taken during a Right Heart Catheterization using a Swan-Ganz catheter?
A) Intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid sampling
B) Intracardiac pressure, blood saturations, and cardiac output
C) Arterial blood pressure and cholesterol levels
D) Glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c
B) Intracardiac pressure, blood saturations, and cardiac output
Which feature of the Swan-Ganz catheter differentiates it from other catheters used in cardiology?
A) Guides through the arterial system to reach the heart
B) Measures oxygen saturation in peripheral veins
C) Used for delivering medications directly to the heart
D) Balloon-tipped for navigating the venous system
D) Balloon-tipped for navigating the venous system
Through which valve is the catheter passed during a left heart catheterization to access the left ventricle?
A) Pulmonary valve.
B) Mitral valve.
C) Tricuspid valve.
D) Aortic valve.
D) Aortic valve.
What diagnostic procedure is commonly performed during LHC to assess the coronary arteries?
A) Selective coronary angiography.
B) Pulmonary angiography.
C) Peripheral artery angiography.
D) Carotid angiography.
A) Selective coronary angiography.
Which devices are essential for monitoring during moderate sedation?
A) Echocardiogram and spirometer.
B) Electroencephalogram and stethoscope.
C) Thermometer and glucose meter.
D) Pulse oximeter and automated blood pressure cuff.
D) Pulse oximeter and automated blood pressure cuff.
Which medications are typically used for initiating moderate sedation and how are they managed?
A) Fentanyl 50 micrograms and Versed 0.5 milligrams, titrated to patient’s comfort.
B) Acetaminophen 650 mg and Diazepam 5 mg, monitored by patient response.
C) Aspirin 100 mg and Ativan 1 mg, adjusted based on pain.
D) Morphine 5 mg and Haloperidol 2 mg, based on sedation level.
A) Fentanyl 50 micrograms and Versed 0.5 milligrams, titrated to patient’s comfort.
Which gauge needle is used for the initial subcutaneous injection of local anesthesia?
A) 22-gauge needle.
B) 25-gauge needle.
C) 27-gauge needle.
D) 18-gauge needle.
B) 25-gauge needle.
What concentration of lidocaine is typically used for initial local analgesia at a procedure site?
A) 0.5-1% lidocaine.
B) 5-6% lidocaine.
C) 3-4% lidocaine.
D) 1-2% lidocaine
D) 1-2% lidocaine
Which arteries are most often accessed for diagnostic procedures when there are no complicating factors?
A) Aortic and subclavian arteries.
B) Left radial artery and left femoral artery.
C) Ulnar and brachial arteries.
D) Right radial artery and right femoral artery.
D) Right radial artery and right femoral artery.
Which type of needles are preferred to minimize potential complications during femoral arterial access?
A) 18-gauge needles.
B) 16-gauge needles.
C) 20 or 21 gauge micropuncture needles.
D) 22-gauge needles.
C) 20 or 21 gauge micropuncture needles.
What surgical step may be taken to facilitate catheter placement if scarring is present at the femoral access site?
A) Direct pressure is applied to the scarred area.
B) Ice is applied to reduce swelling.
C) A large skin incision (5-10 mm) is made with a #15 scalpel blade.
D) A small skin incision (2-4 mm) is made with a #11 scalpel blade.
D) A small skin incision (2-4 mm) is made with a #11 scalpel blade.
What is the purpose of the introducer sheath in vascular access procedures?
A) To facilitate the insertion of other devices into the vessel.
B) To stabilize the patient’s heart rate.
C) To directly administer medication.
D) To measure blood pressure within the vessel.
A) To facilitate the insertion of other devices into the vessel.
After the introducer sheath and its dilator are positioned in the vessel, what is the next step in the procedure?
A) The sheath is removed immediately.
B) The sheath is flushed with a non-heparinized solution.
C) The inner dilator and guidewire are removed from the sheath.
D) A permanent catheter is implanted.
C) The inner dilator and guidewire are removed from the sheath.
What is the purpose of attaching a syringe half-filled with saline to the needle during venous access?
A) To measure the vein’s blood pressure.
B) To inject medication directly into the vein.
C) To flush the vein after access is gained.
D) To facilitate aspiration as the needle is advanced.
D) To facilitate aspiration as the needle is advanced.
What should occur when the pressure on the ulnar artery is released during an Allen test?
A) The hand should remain blanched.
B) There should be a brisk return of color to the hand.
C) The patient should feel pain in the hand.
D) The hand should exhibit delayed color change.
B) There should be a brisk return of color to the hand.
Why are distal heparin, verapamil, and nitrates often injected through the side arm immediately after inserting the sheath in radial access?
A) To reduce vasospasm and thrombotic complications.
B) To induce rapid sedation in the patient.
C) To numb the area to prevent pain.
D) To increase blood flow to the heart.
A) To reduce vasospasm and thrombotic complications.
What type of needle do most operators today prefer for femoral access?
A) 22-gauge, flexible needle.
B) 16-gauge, thick-wall needle.
C) 20-gauge, multi-piece needle.
D) 18-gauge, thin-wall, single-piece needle.
D) 18-gauge, thin-wall, single-piece needle.
What are the characteristics of the initial guidewire commonly chosen for vascular procedures? (Select two)
A) 0.035-inch diameter
B) 3-millimeter J-tip
C) 0.018-inch diameter
D) 1-millimeter J-tip
A & B
What is the typical length of introducer sheaths used in most diagnostic left heart cases?
A) 5 to 7 centimeters
B) 15 to 20 centimeters
C) 23 to 25 centimeters
D) 10 to 11 centimeters
D) 10 to 11 centimeters
What are common sizes of introducer sheaths used for diagnostic left heart cases? (Select three)
6F
8F
7F
4F
5F
4F, 5F, 6F
What are the most commonly used catheters for coronary angiography? (Select two)
JR4
AR1
AL1
Tiger
JL4
JR4, JL4
What is a common type of catheter used for right heart catheterization?
A) Central venous catheter
B) Peripheral venous catheter
C) Balloon-tipped Swan-Ganz catheter
D) Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
C) Balloon-tipped Swan-Ganz catheter
