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AP Exam 2 > Vascular Access > Flashcards

Vascular Access Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of intracellular water is found in the cells?

A

65%

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2
Q

Red blood cell volume is = ____%

A

14 %

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3
Q

Plasma volume is approximately ___

A

2-3 liters

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4
Q

Extracellular water found in the interstitial spaces is ____%.

A

35 %

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5
Q

Count of the total number of particles in a solution is equal to the sum of the molalities of all the solutes present in the solution

A

osmolality

(osmole / kg)

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6
Q

The concentration of osmotic solution per liter of fluid.

A

Osmolarity

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7
Q

Ions produce osmotic pressures across cell membranes but not _______ membranes

A

capillary

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8
Q

Normal plasma osmolality is = _____ mOsm/L

A

285 mOsm/L

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9
Q

A form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in a blood vessel’s plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull water into the circulatory system. It is the opposing force to hydrostatic pressure.

A

Oncotic pressure

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10
Q

Normal oncotic pressure is _____ mmHg.

A

28 mmHg

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11
Q

Frequently used in place of osmotic pressure or tension is related to the number of non-penetrating particles found in solution

A

tonicity

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12
Q

Of equal tension. Denoting a solution having the same tonicity as another solution with which it is compared.

A

Isotonic

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13
Q

Having a higher concentration of solute particles per unit volume than a comparison solution, regardless of kinds ofparticles. A solution in which cells shrink due to efflux of water.

A

Hypertonic

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14
Q

Having a lower concentration of solute particules per unit volume than a comparison solution, regardless of kinds of particles. A solution in which cells expand due to influx of water.

A

Hypotonic

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15
Q

Na concentration in plasma:

A

135-145

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16
Q

K concentration in plasma

A

3.5 - 5.0

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17
Q

Ca concentration in plasma

A

8.8 - 10

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18
Q

Mg concentration in plasma

A

1.5 - 2.5

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19
Q

Cl concentration in plasma

A

100 - 106

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20
Q

HCO3 concentration in plasma

A

22 - 26

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21
Q

PO4 concentration in plasma

A

0.5 - 1.5

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22
Q

SO4 concentration in plasma

A

0.3 - 0.6

23
Q

Replacement of fluids in the body, electrolytes are given in mEq. True or false?

A

true

24
Q

What fluid can you not use with RBC and why?

A

LR

Ca found in LR solution causes cells to clot.

25
Q

Extremely hypotonic/hypertonic solutions may be infused in small volumes into _____ vessels, where dilution and distribution are rapid.

A

large

26
Q

Solutions differing greatly from the normal range may cause:

A
  • tissue irritation
  • pain on injection
  • electrolyte shifts
  • inflammatory
  • enhanced clotting
  • phlebitis and thrombophlebitis
27
Q

The generally accepted upper limit for a peripheral IV is ____ mOsm/L.

Greater association with phlebitis and should be administered via a central line.

A

900

28
Q

Very hypotonic IV solutions such as 1/4 NS cause RBCs to swell and burse. If a sufficient number of RBCs are affected, the patient may develop ______ anemia.

A

hemolytic

29
Q

Fluid replacement in healthy adults:

GI is: ____ ml/day

Insensible loss is: ____ ml/day

Urinary loss is: ____ml/day

A

100-200

500-1000

1000

Total ≈ 2500 ml/day

30
Q

4-2-1 Rule

  • 4 ml/kg/hr for 1st ____kg
  • 2 ml/kg/hr for 2nd ____ kg
  • 1 ml/kg/hr for all weight > _____ kg
A

10

10

20

31
Q

Sensible fluid loss perioperative:

For minor surgery (hernia), ____ ml/kg/hr

A

2-4

32
Q

Sensible fluid loss perioperative:

For moderate surgery (chole): ___- ___ ml/kg/hr

A

4-6

33
Q

Sensible fluid loss perioperative:

For major surgery (bowel resection): ___- ___ ml/kg/hr

A

6-10

34
Q

Replace 1mL blood loss with ____ mL crystalloid or ___ mL colloid.

A

3mL

1mL

35
Q

Monitor vitals and maintain urine output at a MINIMUM of ____ ml/kg/hr

A

0.5

36
Q

If patient is more than ___ kg, can use the kg + ___ to get fluid maintenance.

A

40

40

37
Q

Hysterectomy for 70 kg female:

  • NOP deficit 10 hrs = ______ ml NS
  • Maintenance = _____ ml/hr
  • Blood loss = ____ = ____ ml NS
  • Sensible loss (___ml/kg/hr) = _____ ml/hr
  • Total case 3 hours: _____
A
  • 1100
  • 110
  • 300 = 900 NS
  • 4, 280
  • 3170
38
Q

Fluid losses from bowel prep ≈ ___

A

1 Liter

39
Q

Preoperative fluid losses contributable to:

A
  • bowel prep
  • vomiting/diarrhea
  • burns
  • malnourished
  • ascites
  • pulmonary effusion
40
Q

Blood loss can be found in: (3)

A

suction canisters

surgical sponges (4x4)

lap pads

41
Q

Surgical sponges can hold approximately ___ ml blood.

A

10

42
Q

Lap pads can hold approximately ____ - ____ mL blood

A

100-150ml

43
Q

Aqueous solution of low MW ions with or without glucose are:

Examples (3)

A

crystalloids

NS, Lactated Ringers, Plasma-Lyte

43
Q

Aqueous solution of high MW substances are:

Examples (2)

A

Colloids

Albumin

Hetastarch

44
Q

Crystalloids in sufficient amounts are as effective as colloids in restoring intravascular volume. Severe deficits can be mroe rapidly corrected with crystalloids. True or false?

A

false, severe deficits more rapidly corrected with colloids

45
Q

Rapid administration of crystalloid > ___ liters is associated with tissue edema.

A

4

46
Q

Losses primarily involving water, replace with ___tonic maintenance solution.

A

hypo

47
Q

Loss both water and electrolytes, replace with ____ solution.

Most intraoperative losses are of this type:

A

isotonic

48
Q

Intravascular half=life is __ - ___ min

A

20-30

49
Q

Advantages of colloid (5)

A
  • smaller infused volume
  • prolonged increase in plasma volume
  • less peripheral edema
  • decreased thromoembolism risk
  • greater oxygen delivery (conflicting data)
50
Q

Disadvantages of colloid:

A
  • expensive
  • coagulopathy (dextran)
  • decreased Ca (albumin)
  • decreased glomerular filtration rate
  • osmotic diuresis (LMW dextran)
  • pulmonary edema
51
Q

Crystalloid advantages (3)

A
  • cheaper
  • greater glomerular filtration rate
  • replaces IFV losses
52
Q

Crystalloid disadvantages: (3)

A
  • short-lived hemodynamic improvement
  • peripheral edema
  • pulmonary edema

AP Exam 2 (5 decks)

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