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Pathophysiology I > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is Virchow’s triad

A

The three contributing risk factors of thormbus formation.Statis of blood, rough endothelium, hyper coagulability.

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2
Q

What factors contribute to hypercoabulabily

A

estrogen contain birth contain. genetic clotting factors risks.

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3
Q

what are communicating veins? Which way do they flow?

A

being the run lateral between the superficial and deep veins From superficial to deep.

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4
Q

What are the four mechanisms of atherosclerosis?

A

Endothelial dysfunction. Fatty streaks, Fibrous plaques, Plaque rupture of ulceration.

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5
Q

What is a foam cell?

A

A macrophage that has eaten up a lot of oxidized LDL

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6
Q

What is the outcome of chronic atherloclerosis in the coronary arteries??

A

chronic angina

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7
Q

What is the result of acute atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries?

A

MI / acute coronary syndrome

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8
Q

What is the result of acute atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries?

A

Stroke

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9
Q

What is the result of chronic atherosclerosis in the cerebral arteries?

A

vascular dementia

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10
Q

What is the result atherosclerosis in the renal arteries? What type of Atherosclerosis is it?

A

Chronic kidney diesease. Chronic atherosclerosis.

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11
Q

What is the result atherosclerosis in the retinal arteries? What type of Atherosclerosis is it?

A

Blindness chronic atherosclerosis

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12
Q

What is the result of chronic atherosclerosis in the femoral arteries?

A

arterial insufficency

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13
Q

What is the result of acute atherosclerosis in the femoral arteries?

A

acute arterial occlusion

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14
Q

What is another name for femoral arterial insufficiency? What does is cause?

A

PAD - peripheral arterial disease. Cause chronic ischemia

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15
Q

What is Intermittent claudication?

A

cramps Pain from exertion in the legs due to PAD

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16
Q

Define ischemia

A

Lack of oxygen and nutrients due to obstructed blood flow

17
Q

Define Hypoxia

A

Lack of oxygen to tissues due to any cause

18
Q

What is CRP C-reactive protein?

A

A marker of elevated IL-6 a pro-inflammatory. It is a marker of inflammation.

19
Q

What are the steps in valvular regurgitation (valvular incompetence) as it progresses?

A
  • Dialation and remodeling

- The is still overloaded hypertrophy (volume issue)

20
Q

What are the steps in stenosis?

A

-Hypertrophy then Dilation and Remodeling (pressure issue)

21
Q

What are the 4 defects in metrology of fallot

A

ventral septal defect, overriding aorta, stenosis of pulmonary valve, then last to develop is right ventricular hypertrophy

22
Q

What is Polycythemia

A

excess red blood cell production due to decrease oxygenation to the kidneys ( increased erythropoetin production)

Pathophysiology I (5 decks)

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