Vascular Flashcards
What is Virchow’s triad
The three contributing risk factors of thormbus formation.Statis of blood, rough endothelium, hyper coagulability.
What factors contribute to hypercoabulabily
estrogen contain birth contain. genetic clotting factors risks.
what are communicating veins? Which way do they flow?
being the run lateral between the superficial and deep veins From superficial to deep.
What are the four mechanisms of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial dysfunction. Fatty streaks, Fibrous plaques, Plaque rupture of ulceration.
What is a foam cell?
A macrophage that has eaten up a lot of oxidized LDL
What is the outcome of chronic atherloclerosis in the coronary arteries??
chronic angina
What is the result of acute atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries?
MI / acute coronary syndrome
What is the result of acute atherosclerosis in cerebral arteries?
Stroke
What is the result of chronic atherosclerosis in the cerebral arteries?
vascular dementia
What is the result atherosclerosis in the renal arteries? What type of Atherosclerosis is it?
Chronic kidney diesease. Chronic atherosclerosis.
What is the result atherosclerosis in the retinal arteries? What type of Atherosclerosis is it?
Blindness chronic atherosclerosis
What is the result of chronic atherosclerosis in the femoral arteries?
arterial insufficency
What is the result of acute atherosclerosis in the femoral arteries?
acute arterial occlusion
What is another name for femoral arterial insufficiency? What does is cause?
PAD - peripheral arterial disease. Cause chronic ischemia
What is Intermittent claudication?
cramps Pain from exertion in the legs due to PAD
Define ischemia
Lack of oxygen and nutrients due to obstructed blood flow
Define Hypoxia
Lack of oxygen to tissues due to any cause
What is CRP C-reactive protein?
A marker of elevated IL-6 a pro-inflammatory. It is a marker of inflammation.
What are the steps in valvular regurgitation (valvular incompetence) as it progresses?
- Dialation and remodeling
- The is still overloaded hypertrophy (volume issue)
What are the steps in stenosis?
-Hypertrophy then Dilation and Remodeling (pressure issue)
What are the 4 defects in metrology of fallot
ventral septal defect, overriding aorta, stenosis of pulmonary valve, then last to develop is right ventricular hypertrophy
What is Polycythemia
excess red blood cell production due to decrease oxygenation to the kidneys ( increased erythropoetin production)
