vascular

Question 1

AAA typical question

Answer 1

Any elderly gentleman that presents with back pain needs a ultrasound scan to exclude a AAA

Question 2

RF for AAA

Answer 2

smoking
hypertension
male
FHx
COPD
infection
atheroscleosis

Question 3

what do you use ABPI to measure?

Answer 3

chronic peripheral arterial disease in lower limbs

Question 4

is symptomatic AAA a reason to operate?

Answer 4

yes
and size

An asymptomatic aneurysm larger than 5.5 cm in diameter.
• An asymptomatic aneurysm which is enlarging by more than 1 cm per year.
• A symptomatic aneurysm. This is the only criteria, apart from emergency rupture, which requires urgent surgery rather than an elective procedure.

Question 5

size of high risk rupture of AAA?

Answer 5

5.5

Question 6

screening programe for AAA

Answer 6

all men 65 in UK

Question 7

RF for claudication

Answer 7

smoking
obesity
high fat diet

Question 8

ABPI ratio less than 0.9 means?

Answer 8

delay on blood flow

atherosclerosis

Question 9

arterial disease investigations

Answer 9

1. General investigations of atherosclerotic disease
   a. Lipid profile
   b. Blood pressure measurement
   c. Glycaemic profile
2. Physiologic
   a. ABPI or toe pressure
   b. Segmental pressures
3. Anatomical

a. Duplex doppler
b. Angiography
c. MRA
d. CTA – CT angiogram. CT using dye

Question 10

limb ischemia signs - p

Answer 10

pain
paralysis
pallor
pulse gone
paraesthesia
poor heat

Question 11

causes of limb ischaemia

Answer 11

Dehydration 
hypotension
malignancy
polycythaemia
 inherited prom thrombotic states

Question 12

signs of thrombosis

Answer 12

no history of problems

no pulse

Question 13

RF for intermittent claudication

Answer 13

2. Hyperlipidaemia
3. Obesity
4. Diet
5. Diabetes
6. Sedentary lifestyle

Question 14

who does intermittent claudication usually affect?

Answer 14

men over 55

Question 15

signs of carotid disease

Answer 15

stroke

bruits

Question 16

if AAA is less than 4

Answer 16

recall anunally

Question 17

if AAA 4-5

Answer 17

recall every 6 months

Question 18

if AAA more than 5 or symptomatic

Answer 18

surgery

Question 19

what is peripheral arterial occlusive disease?

Answer 19

atherosclerosis of arteries that affects extremeties

Question 20

what can happen in extremeties in peripheral arterial occlusive disease?

Answer 20

ischemia
ulcers
gangrene

Question 21

who is peripheral arterial occlusive disease most common in?

Answer 21

men

>50

Question 22

in arterial stenosis, is the blood flow unable to maximally increase in muscle tissue when the muscle demands it?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

RF for peripheral arterial disease

Answer 23

diabetes
hypertension
hyperlipidaemia
FHx
sedentary lifestyle
smoking

Question 24

does peripheral vascular disease present as claudication?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

if no signal is found with doppler what should happen?

Answer 25

EMERGENCY

CALL SURGEONS

Question 26

treatment for peripheral arterial disase

Answer 26

1. exercise
2. statin
3. aspirin
4. stent
5. angioplasty

Question 27

varicose veins from?

Answer 27

valvular incompetence

Question 28

3 kinds of varicose veins

Answer 28

deep
superficial
perforators

Question 29

signs of VV

Answer 29

pain
aching
itching
heaviness
worse with weather
worse with PMS

Question 30

investgiation VV

Answer 30

Hx
cough impluse standing
tap test
trendelburg
handheld doppler 
colour duplex

Question 31

signs of AAA

Answer 31

back and loin pain
epigastric pain
collapse