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TERM 4 N2261 KNLG 3 > VASCULAR > Flashcards

VASCULAR Flashcards

1
Q

What information does peripheral pulses provide?

A

Fluid status

Shunting

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2
Q

If there is disease or surgery on an area, which pulse is important to assess?

A

Distal to the site

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3
Q

What is the significance of troponin levels?

A

Indicate damage to heart muscle

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4
Q

How is ankle-brachial index measured?

A

Uses non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement to compare systolic blood pressure between ankles and arms

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5
Q

What is peripheral artery disease, and what is the most common cause?

A

Arterial wall thickening, narrowing of lumen

Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

What are 3 symptoms of PAD?

A
  1. Intermittent claudication
  2. Elevation pallor
  3. Dependent rubor
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7
Q

How is intermittent claudication defined, and what causes it?

A

Reproducible muscle ache after exercise that is relieved by <10 mins of rest

Caused by buildup of anaerobic waste products

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8
Q

What are 3 symptoms of critical limb ischemia?

A
  1. Rest pain (burning pain at rest)
  2. Non-healing ulcers
  3. Dry gangrene
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9
Q

What are 4 treatments for critical limb ischemia?

A
  1. Angioplasty or stenting
  2. Bypass
  3. Endarterectomy
  4. Amputation
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10
Q

What are clinical manifestations of acute arterial ischemic disorders?

A

Similar to compartment syndrome: 6 P’s

Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Poikilothermia (change in temperature)
Paralysis
Pulselessness

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11
Q

How is acute arterial ischemia treated?

A

Heparin infusion

Remove thrombus by:
Thrombolytics
Thrombectomy

Or bypass

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12
Q

What is the term for a procedure done under interventional radiology where an intravenous device is placed at the site of a thrombus?

A

Catheter directed thrombolytic therapy

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13
Q

What are 5 possible causes for aortic aneurysm, and what is the most common one?

A
  1. Degenerative
  2. Congenital
  3. Mechanical
  4. Inflammatory
  5. Infectious

Most common is atherosclerosis

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14
Q

What is the most common symptom of aortic aneurysm?

A

Asymptomatic

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15
Q

What are some noticeable symptoms of aortic aneurysm?

A
  1. Deep and diffuse pain
  2. Audible bruit
  3. Pulsatile periumbilical mass
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16
Q

When is surgery recommended for aortic aneurysm?

A

When larger than 5.5 cm

17
Q

What is another term for balloon angioplasty?

A

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

18
Q

Why is assessment of bilateral limbs required after balloon angioplasty?

A

One side was used for access, and the other side is where the intervention was performed

19
Q

What are 2 kinds of bypass grafts?

A
  1. Synthetic (e.g. Dacron)
  2. Autogenous (e.g. great saphenous vein)
20
Q

What is important to consider when caring for a patient post bypass graft?

A

Incisions are long and meant to restore perfusion, so healing may be affected

21
Q

What are 4 examples of indications for amputation?

A
  1. Extensive necrosis
  2. Infectious gangrene
  3. Osteomyelitis
  4. Occlusion of all arteries
22
Q

What are 5 common types of amputation?

A
  1. Digit amputation
  2. Ray amputation
  3. Trans-metatarsal amputation
  4. Below knee amputation
  5. Above knee amputation
23
Q

What is done to prevent contractures after amputation?

A
  1. Use of stump shapers
  2. Limb kept straight
24
Q

Why are kidney damage, hypertensive damage, and paraplegia possible complications of AAA repair surgery?

A

Cross clamping required proximal and distal to aneurysm site, and perfusion may not be properly restored

25
Q

What happens in open AAA repair?

A

Aorta incised
Plaque/thrombus removed
Graft placed & sutured
AAA sutured

26
Q

What is the term for a minimally invasive procedure for elective repair of AAA?

A

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)

27
Q

What is involved in EVAR?

A
  1. Catheter inserted through femoral artery
  2. Synthetic graft placed via catheter
  3. Graft deployed inside aneurysm and expands to vessel size
  4. Blood flows through graft instead of vessel, allowing to shrink
28
Q

What are 4 complications of EVAR?

A
  1. Rupture
  2. Endoleak (blood leaks between graft and vessel wall)
  3. Stent migration
  4. Further aneurysm growth above/below
29
Q

After AAA repair, what complications must be monitored for?

A
  1. Graft patency
  2. MI
  3. Mesenteric ischemia
  4. Distal perfusion
  5. Renal perfusion

TERM 4 N2261 KNLG 3 (9 decks)

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