Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alice's finals cards > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

What is the end stage of peripheral arterial disease?

A

Critical limb ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does PAD present with?

A

intermittent claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the features of critical limb ischaemia?

A

6 Ps
Pain
Pallor
Pulseless
Paralysis
Paraethesia
Perishing cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the triad of symptoms in leriche syndrome?

A

Thigh/buttock claudication
Absent femoral pulses
Male impotence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which test is performed in examination to test for PAD?

A

Buerger’s test (holding the limb at 45 degrees for 2 mins)

Will go pale and then when you hang them over the side of the bed, would go blue then red when reperfusing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the differences between the appearance of arterial and venous ulcers?

A

Arterial- smaller, deeper, “punched out lesions”, painful, peripheral

Venous- larger, superficial, less painful, occur alongside signs of chronic venous insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What investigations could be done for PAD?

A

Ankle-brachial pressure index
Duplex ultrasound
Angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the results of ABPI suggest?

A

09.-1.3= normal
0.6-0.9= mild
0.3-0.6= moderate to severe
less than 0.3= critical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can intermittent claudication be managed?

A

Lifestyle changes
Exercise training
Atorvastatin 80mg
Clopidogrel 75mg OD

Surgery:
Endovascular angioplasty and stenting
Endarterectomy
Bypass surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is acute limb ischaemia managed?

A

Endovascular thrombolysis
Endovascular thrombectomy

Bypass surgery
Amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Superficial veins which measure more than 3mm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does venous eczema occur?

A

Blood pools in distal veins, pressure causes veins to leak in small amounts into the nearby tissues. The pooling of blood leads to inflammation, the skin becomes dry and inflamed which is referred to as venous eczema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the management of varicose veins?

A

Weight loss
Staying physically active
Keeping leg elevated
Compression stockings

Stripping
Sclerotherapy
Endothermal ablation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the complications of chronic venous insufficiency?

A

Lipodermatosclerosis (causes inverted champagne bottle legs)
Cellulitis
Poor healing after injury
Skin ulcers
Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the management of chronic venous insufficiency?

A

Regular use of emollients
Potent topical steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 types of skin ulcers?

A

Arterial
Venous
Pressure
Diabetic foot

17
Q

What is an important complication of diabetic foot ulcers?

A

Oestomyelitis

18
Q

Which scoring system is used to measure an individual’s risk of pressure ulcers?

A

The waterlow score

19
Q

Where do venous ulcers usually occur?

A

In the gaiter area. This is between the top of the foot and the bottom of the calf muscle

20
Q

Which investigations should be done for skin ulcers?

A

ABPI
Bloods (FBC, CRP, HbA1c)
Charcoal swabs if infected
Skin biopsy

21
Q

What is the management of venous ulcers?

A

Compression bandaging
Pentoxifylline (peripheral vasodilator - improves healing rate)
Antibiotics
Analgesia

22
Q

Which sign elicited on examination can suggest lymphoedema?

A

Stemmer’s sign- pinch skin at toe or finger and let go, if a tent is left then +ve suggesting lymphoedema

23
Q

What is the management of lymphoedema?

A

Massage techniques
compression bandages
Weight loss

24
Q

What must the diameter of the abdominal aorta be to classed as a AAA?

A

> 3cm

25
Q

Who is eligible for AAA screening in the UK?

A

All men are offered ultrasound screening at age 65

26
Q

How is AAA diagnosed

A

Usually by ultrasound, CT can be used to get a better picture

27
Q

When should elective repair of AAA be offered?

A

If symptomatic
Diameter growing by >1cm a year
Diameter >5.5 cm

28
Q

How can an AAA be repaired?

A

Open repair
Laparoscopically
Endovascular aneurysm repair

29
Q

How should ruptured AAA be managed?

A

Surgical emergency
Permissive hypotension should be maintained
Haemodynamically unstable patients should be taken straight to theatre
CT angiogram can exclude or confirm the diagnosis in stable patients

30
Q

What is aortic dissection?

A

A break or tear occurs in the intima causing blood to enter between the intima and media layers of the aorta

31
Q

What are the risk factors for aortic dissection?

A

Hypertension
Events which cause a big increase in BP (heavy weightlifting and cocaine use)
Connective tissue disease (ehlers-danlos, marfans)
Aortic conditions (bicuspid valve, coarctation, aortic valve replacement, CABG)

32
Q

What is the presentation of aortic dissection?

A

Ripping or tearing chest pain
HTN initially, hypotension as it progresses
Differences in BP between arms
Radial pulse deficit in one arm
Chest and abdo pain

33
Q

How is aortic dissection diagnosed?

A

ECG and CXR
CT angiogram can confirm

34
Q

what are the 2 types of aortic dissection?

A

Type A= ascending aorta (before brachiocephalic artery)
Type B= descending aorta (after left subclavian artery)

35
Q

How is aortic dissection managed?

A

Surgical emergency
Analgesia
Blood pressure and heart rate must be controlled, usually by beta blockers

36
Q

Which group of patients are often investigated for carotid artery stenosis?

A

Patients who have had TIAs

37
Q

How is carotid artery stenosis diagnosed?

A

Carotid ultrasound

38
Q

How is carotid artery stenosis managed?

A

Modify RFs
Endarterectomy
Angioplasty and stenting

39
Q

What is buerger’s disease?

A

Also known as thrombangiitis obliterans. Usually affects men aged 25-35 who smoke. Presents with blue, painful discolouration to the fingertips and tips of the toes

Alice's finals cards (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions