vascualar disease

Question 1

pathophysiology of vascular disease

Answer 1

atherosclerosis
inflammatory
vasopastic
compression
traumatic
pro thrombotic conditions

Question 2

describe plaque formation

Answer 2

1. fatty streak
2. transitional plaque
3. advanced fibrolipid plaque
4. complicated plaque with thrombosis formation

Question 3

how to describe plaque formation

Answer 3

progressive

Question 4

components of plaque

Answer 4

foam cell - intra cellar lipid
extracelllar lipid
smooth muscle cell
thrombus

Question 5

acute clinical complications of atherosclerosis

Answer 5

ulceration - acute thrombosis with occlusion and dislodging and peripheral embolism
thrombosis - acute ischameia/ necrosis i
growth - chronic ischaemia
necrosis - aneurysm development

Question 6

modificable risk actors for peripheral arterial disease

Answer 6

• Smoking
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Hypercholesterolaemia

Question 7

non modifiable risk factors for peripheral arterial disease

Answer 7

age
sex

Question 8

describe acute ischaemia

Answer 8

• 6Ps
• Acute-embolus (AF, MI)
• Acute on chronic-thrombus

Question 9

describe chronic ischaemia

Answer 9

• IC
• Rest pain
• Tissue loss • Burgers test

Question 10

anterior circulation of brain

Answer 10

MCA, ACA and anterior choroidal artery

Question 11

posterior circulation of brain

Answer 11

vertebral artery, basilar artery and posterior cerebral artery

Question 12

what is carotid endartectomy

Answer 12

can be under local anaesthetic
isolate 3 vessels with a clamp
- interna, external, carotid

clean out vessels

Question 13

how many strokes are ishacemic

Answer 13

60%

Question 14

how many strokes are haemorrhagic

Answer 14

30%

Question 15

what are true aneurysms

Answer 15

Weakening of the arterial wall leading to dilatation
• Commonest location is the infra- renal aorta