Vartekar APWH Unit 5

Question 1

Abolition Movement 5.1

Answer 1

A movement that ended Atlantic slave trade and freed all enslaved people which diffused quickly. Denmark started the movement and other countries followed. HOwever, there was an increase in slaves in the Americas.

LO 2: The enlightenment inspired ideas of human rights and sovereignty. This led people to believe it was illegal to own people. This helped people fight to free the enslaved people.

Question 2

Empiricism 5.1

Answer 2

The belief that knowledge comes from experiences, observations, and experiments instead of earlier when knowledge came from religion and tradition.

LO 1: This inspired Locke and Hobbes to discover ideologies that started many revolutions globally. This led to the abolition movement, suffrage movement, and haitian revolution.

Question 3

Enlightenment 5.1

Answer 3

A shift in beliefs like emphasis in reason rather than tradition and individualism over community values. This movement brought freedom and self-determination.

LO 1: This was the start of many philosophical ideas about human rights, sovereignty, checks and balances, liberty and education.

Question 4

Suffrage movement (Wollstonecraft & Seneca Falls) 5.1

Answer 4

A movement that brought women the right to vote. This idea was spread by Wollstonecraft’s book about women receiving education, being taught to work in professional environments and to vote.

LO 2: The enlightenment ideals inspired women to stand up for what they believed in, equality. Then, women wrote books to spread their message and held the Seneca Falls movement to demand rights and government positions for women.

Question 5

American Revolution (leaders, events, documents) 5.2

Answer 5

A revolution that seperated the US from EUrope. This was founded on unalienable rights like life,liberty, and the pursuit of happiness from Locke and opposed to European mercantilism.

LO 3: This led to the US getting their freedom from Britain. More enlightenment ideas were spread. Heavy European control made the US colonies want to split from Britain.

Question 6

Bolivar’s Revolution (leaders, events, documents) 5.2

Answer 6

A movement started by Bolivar that encouraged creoles to revolt against the spanish rule.

LO 3: This started with all the groups wanting more freedom. Bolivar led the groups fighting Spanish rule. He wanted to found a nation based off of enlightenment ideals.

Question 7

Classical Liberalism (John Stuart Mills) 5.2

Answer 7

A belief spread by Mills about constitutional government, natural rights, and a reduced spending on military and churches.

LO 3: This was founded on enlightenment ideals. This believed in more human rights for people.

Question 8

French Revolution (leaders, events, documents) 5.2

Answer 8

A movement that overthrew the government by storming the capital and was based on liberty, equality, and fraternity.

LO 3: This led to declaration of the rights of men where the people declared their freedom. The monarch was not happy and led to a period of chaos until Napoleon rose to power.

Question 9

Haitian Revolution (leaders, events, documents) 5.2

Answer 9

A movement where the enslaved people overthrew their white slave owners to make themselves free people.

Lo 3: Toussaint L’ouverture gathered former enslaved people to fight against the Europeans countries. He helped lead the series of revolts to make Haiti the first free Latin American country.

Question 10

Nationalism (Germany, Italian Argentinian) 5.2

Answer 10

A sense of superiority and pride of a country. This occured in Germany, Italy, and Argentina.

LO 3: The Italian prime minister unified the divided country and germany nationalist groups already formed because of Napoleon’s efforts to invade. Many of the unhappy Italians immigrated to Argentina to escape poverty.

Question 11

Causes of Industrialization 5.3

Answer 11

Increased trade across empires, increased producing of agriculture, and increase in population caused this movement.

LO 3: It helped reshape society and increase the speed of goods being created. It moved people from rural settings to urban settings. In addition, created innovations that made many people’s life more convenient.

Question 12

Factory System 5.3

Answer 12

A specific way to manufacture using machines and labor from people. One person would work on one part of the good.

LO 3: This helped speed up the process of goods. This allowed more goods to be created faster and more efficiently. This also allowed people to specialize at tasks.

Question 13

Industrialization 5.4

Answer 13

An increased use in machines to produce goods.

LO 5: This helped speed up the production of good since this brought the factory system. This also helped transport goods faster and more efficiently.

Question 14

Fossil Fuels Revolution 5.5

Answer 14

A movement that increased the use of coal to power innovations and create energy.

LO 6: This helped power engines and machines to help with transportation. Using this in machines increased the efficiency of the machines. This helped the creation and distribution of goods.

Question 15

Industrial Communication (Railroad,steamship, telegraph) 5.5

Answer 15

Types of inventions that connected one place to another. Many of the discoveries were brought in the second industrial revolution.

LO 6: The railroad and steamship brought people and goods from one place to another quickly. The telegraph allowed people to have a conversation without seeing each other.

Question 16

Internal Combustion Engine 5.5

Answer 16

Used in automobiles and airplanes fueled by gasoline from petroleum.

LO 6: This helped make inventions that we still use today. The harvesting of petroleum to make gas is still used in modern-day cars.

Question 17

Second Industrial Revolution 5.5

Answer 17

A movement that brought technological innovations like telephone, electricity, oil, and precise machinery and science discoveries (Marie Curie).

LO 6: It helped improve communication and gave people light and electric trains. Oil that was harvested was used for automobiles later.

Question 18

Steam Engine 5.5

Answer 18

Made by James Watt, it uses coal power to turn into steam inexpensively. It was also used in factories trains.

LO 6: This helped with transporting goods everywhere. This also provided quick and inexpensive transportation. It allowed factories to be farther from the river since they were not dependent on water.

Question 19

Meiji Restoration 5.6

Answer 19

Japanese reformists thinking they should change when US officers came to avoid being conquered. They overthrew the government to implement reform to change enough for westerners but still kept aspects of traditionality.

LO 7: The japanese quickly westernized to avoid being conquered. This helped them reform but also keep traditional aspects of their own culture. This was only done after overthrowing the current government.

Question 20

Muhammad Ali 5.6

Answer 20

The ruler of Egypt (from Albania) who rose to power from being a military general and was Egypt’s first ruler after the mongols. He started reforming the nation.

LO 7: He started his own reforms inspired by Europe. Encouraged education, started a newspaper, and educated military officials in France. ALso, he heavily taxed peasants which forced them to get rid of their land.

Question 21

Capitalism (Adam Smith) 5.7

Answer 21

An economic system created by Adam Smith that private owning and control over large corporations. This keeps businesses separate from the government and helps the wealthy owner rich and the working class poorer. (Not for the people)

LO 8: This economic system benefited the wealthy people. This system created an opportunity for people to be wealthy. Before this time, people didn’t get as wealthy as they did after the formation of capitalism.

Question 22

Stock Market 5.7

Answer 22

A place where people sell or purchase parts of a company or invest money into companies giving them part ownership of the company.

LO 8: They helped big businesses receive money and added to the wealth of the global economy. This helped transnational businesses thrive due to the money. Many people would invest into to it to receive profit from the market.

Question 23

Transnational Business (United Fruit Company and HSBC) 5.7

Answer 23

Businesses that operated across different countries. HSBC is a British Banking that started in Hong Kong (British colony) that made investments, financed, and focused on global banking.

LO 8: This changed the way the economy was globally and added competition in global economy. It changed the way companies made investments and spread globally.

Question 24

Communism (w/ founder) 5.8

Answer 24

An economic system started by Karl Marx where there are no social classes and people take over society and they have control. This is more social relating to the community rather than economical.

LO 9: Industrial revolution created social classes that were unfair for many. This system would get rid of the classes and would help many get basic needs and higher wage.

Question 25

Labor Union 5.8

Answer 25

Organizations of workers that negotiate more rights with the employer. Increased after harsh factory conditions and low pay.

LO 9: The factories were home to horrible working conditions and low pay. This was formed to combat these terrible conditions. Because of these, more rules were put into place to restrict child labor and improve working conditions.

Question 26

Self-Strengthening Movement 5.8

Answer 26

A movement inspired by European ways that improved schools, built railroads, and social programs to their society.

LO 8: China saw the way EUrope was industrializing and improving so they decided to implement these ways. However, the emperor’s family opposed this so they stopped the reform by imprisoning the emperor.

Question 27

Socialism (w/ founder) 5.8

Answer 27

An economic system made by Karl Marx that wanted the economy regulated by the government to create a sense of equality. Focused on economy rather than society. This did NOT get rid of social classes

LO 8: The founder wrote a book about this explaining how this can be implemented in society. This was a stepping stone for communism also explained in Marx’s book Communist Manifesto.

Question 28

Taiping Revolution (5.8)

Answer 28

A religious rebellion that overthrew the Qing dynasty that received help from the British.

LO 9: This was a response to reform that brought lots of European influence into the country. The rebellion was focused on keeping their traditional values so the revolution occured to fight the reform.

Question 29

Tanzimat Reforms 5.8

Answer 29

The tanzimat reforms (1839) reformed education, criminal and law code, created every man equal, and removed religious influence from society. It also stopped allowing local governments from having power.

LO 9: These changes were inspired from the reform in Europe. They were put into law all over the Ottoman empire and were supposed to create a sense of unity. However, many people and local governments were not happy with this.

Question 30

Cult of Domesticity 5.9

Answer 30

An idea that originated with the middle class where the women’s role was to stay home and take care of the home while their husbands are working.

LO 10: Women had new standards which created drove a wedge between the lower class women and middle class women. When women stayed home, it showed others their status.

Question 31

New Social Classes (Middle classes and industrial worker) 5.9

Answer 31

Groups that separated families based on economic status. Industrial workers make up the lower class that works at factories and coal mines. The middle class is made up of the factory managers and people who are in between industrial workers and the upper class

LO 10: The industrial revolution started to separate people based on their income. Some people got wealthy and some did not. This allowed people to live different lifestyles.

Question 32

Urbanization 5.9

Answer 32

A shift of people from rural areas to urban areas. (farm to factories)

LO 10: The shift caused different social hierarchies and led to many issues that affected the quality of life. Many people faces poor working conditions and poverty as well as experiencing the effects of pollution.