Varney midterm Flashcards
Prime Meridian
the line of longitude that is 0 degrees; lines of longitude are measured east or west of it
Equator
the line of latitude that is 0 degrees; lines of latitude are measured north and south of it.
International Date Line
the imaginary line crossing the Pacific Ocean that determines the calendar date east and west of it (If west of it, the date may be a day ahead)
Political map
a map that shows the governmental boundaries between counties, states, countries; also shows cities and capitals (“people-made” things).
Physical Map
a map that shows physical features such as mountains, plains, deserts, lakes, and rivers (“nature-made” things)
Propaganda
information designed to influence opinion; It uses images and words to stir emotion
Bias
a prejudice or unfair preference in favor of one opinion or point of view
Reliable
dependable; fact-based
Primary Source
a firsthand account or source of information created in the time period an historical event occurred; some examples of primary sources can be diaries, artifacts, letters, newspaper articles, photographs, and original documents.
Secondary Source
a source created in a later time period using primary sources and other secondary sources; a textbook is a good example of a secondary source
Artifact
an object made by humans used to learn about the past
Work Cited Page
another name for a bibliography or list of the sources a person used in writing a paper; It is made up of citations, each of which has the author, title(s), publishing information of each source used
MLA
stands for Modern Language Association; This is a group of experts on language who make a set of rules about how to write and cite information in a research paper; history students follow these rules in the papers they write.
Rebellion
an overthrow of a government or system and a replacement of it with something new
Militia
a group of non-professional soldiers who fight when needed; the first armed soldiers in the Revolutionary War were members of a militia
Patriot
a person who loves his/her country and will fight to defend it; during the Revolutionary War, the Patriots were those colonists who supported the fight for independence from Great Britain
Loyalist
a colonist in the 13 Colonies who was loyal to Great Britain and did not want to fight for independence
Continental Army
the first national army of the United States; it fought during the Revolutionary War; George Washington was its commander
Legacy
something that is handed down by someone in the past; something a person has done in the past that contributes to how people live now; Alexander Hamilton’s __blank______ was a country with a strong financial system because he did things during his life that helped our country pay off debts, invest money, and handle our finances.
The Enlightenment
Also called the “Age of Reason”; a time period in Europe beginning in the late 1600s and lasting throughout the 1700s in which people’s understanding of God, humans, and nature began to change; people were encouraged to ask questions and use science and their own natural intelligence to understand themselves, society, and their universe.
Natural Rights
the rights all people are given by nature of being human: life, liberty, and property; in the Declaration of Independence they are referred to as “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”
George Washington
Commander of the Continental Army; became the first president of the United States of America
Thomas Jefferson
main writer of the Declaration of Independence; writer, architect, inventor, and politician; he became third president of the United States
Alexander Hamilton
immigrant from an island in the West Indies who became Washington’s “aide-de-camp” (assistant) during the Revolutionary War and was later appointed his Secretary of the Treasury in his first cabinet of advisors; he was an important founding father whose ideas and writings helped to establish the government and financial system we have today.
Thomas Paine
writer during the Revolutionary War whose pamphlets, “Common Sense” and “The Crisis” influenced people to support the war for independence from Great Britain
John Locke
Enlightenment philosopher who came up with the concept of natural rights; his ideas greatly influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence
