Various Flashcards
Memorize
leading causes of death among adolescents
- Accidents
- Suicide
- Homicide
Aphasia
Affects your ability to speak, write, and understand language, both verbal and written.
Common migraine(no aura) age of onset
<10years of age
Classic migraine(aura) age of onset
> 10 years of age
Neurofibromatosis diagnostic criteria
Must have at least 2:
1. Six or more CLS spots >5 mm in prepubertal child or >15mm in postpubertal
- Two or more cutaneous neurofibromas
- Axillary or inguinal freckling
- Two or more iris Lisch nodules
- Distinctive osseous lesions
- Autosomal dominant; present in a first degree relative
Normal MCV
80-100 fl
Normal MCHC
32%-36%
MCH(not as useful)
26-34 pg
Red cell distribution width(RCDW) is increased in
Increased in Iron deficiency anemia
Normal to slightly increased in Thalassemia
Normal in anemia of chronic disease
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with what other deficiencies?
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypophosphatemia
Good sources of vitamin D3
Cod liver oil
Canned tuna
Fortified yogurt
Most common fractures in pts with osteoporosis
Vertebrae
Hip
Wrist
Potassium-sparing diuretic
Spironolactone
Pitassium-wasting diuretic
Furosemide
Osler’s nodes
Are tender
Janeway lesions
Nontender
CREST syndrome (limited scleroderma)
Autoimmune disorder, where there is increased production of collagen, which builds up in the skin and internal organs
Diagnosis of CREST syndrome(limited scleroderma)
At least 2 must be present
CREST
C) - Calcinosis: calcium deposits in the connectivetissues
(R) - Raynaud’s phenomenon: where the hands and feet turn white and cold and then blue, in response to cold or anxiety
(E) - Esophageal dysfunction resulting in swallowing difficulty
(S) - Sclerodactyly: thick and tight skin on the fingers, caused by an excess of collagen deposits within skin layers.
(T) - Telangiectasia: small red spots on the hands and face that are caused by the swelling of tiny blood vessels.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic drugs characterized by fever, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction. It has been associated with virtually all neuroleptics, including newer atypical antipsychotics, as well as a variety of other medications that affect central dopaminergic neurotransmission.
Bartholomew’s rule of fours
Where the top of the uterus will be located during pregnancy
Attenuated(Live vaccines)
MMRV Oral polio vaccine Influenza nasal spray Epidemic typhus BCG Plaque Typhoid oral vaccine Yellow fever
Genotype
An organism’s genotype is a set of genes that it carries
Phenotype
An organism’s phenotype is all of its observable characteristics -which are influenced both by its genotype and by the environment.
Lead poisoning definition
Level of >10ug/dl
What lead level needs referral to hematologist
10 to 44ug/dl
Recommend to start chelation therapy
45 to 69 ug/dl
At what lead levels hospitalization is needed?
> 70 ug/dl
Type 1 DM is strongly associated with which Human leukocyte antigens?
HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4
Hyperthyroidism labs
Decreased TSH
Elevated T4, T3
Elevated ANA
Abdominal pain becomes worse after eating in pancreatitis. True or false?
True
Characteristic signs associated with chronic pancreatitis
Diarrhea and foul-smelling greasy or oily stools
Obesity is a risk factor for BPH. True or false?
True
PUTON (sunscreen) is a mnemonic for assessing basal cell carcinoma
P= pearly papule U =ulcerating T=telangiectasia O=on the face, scalp, or pinnae N=nodules that are slow growing
Leading cause of infertility among women
Gonorrhea
Weight gain for the 1st 3 months of life
30g/day (1oz/day) for the 1st 3 mths
15-20g/day during subsequent 3 months
Object permanence develops at what age?
8 to 12 months
Hordeolum
Infection of sebaceous gland of Zeis or moll(stye)
Redness, acutely tender
Most often staph
Chalazion
Sterile, inflammation from blocked meibomian gland
Nontender, hard
Which cranial nerves responsible for gag reflex?
9 (glossopharyngeal) and
10 (vagus)
Most common type of kidney stones
Calcium stones
Blood test for celiac disease, most sensitive and specific
Tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) IgA class test
Cobblestone mucosal pattern is characteristic of
Crohn’s disease
PDA(patent ductus arteriosus)
Holosystolic machinery sound at LUSB.
Grade 2-4/6
Very common in premature infants
Category D drugs
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Tetracyclines
Most commonly used meds to prevent tension headaches
Tricyclic antidepressants
The minimum recommended fiber intake for adults
20 to 30 grams a day
Metformin(glucophage) mechanism of action
Metformin is a Biguanide, reduces hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption.
Sulfonylureas, such as glipizide, glyburide, and glimepiride mechanism of action
They are insulin secretagogues, they increase insulin release.
