Variety of living organisms Flashcards
1
Q
What is a eukaryotic organism?
A
It is an organism whose cells have a nucleus.
2
Q
What are the common features of plants?
A
- They are multicellular organisms.
- Cells contain chloroplasts so they are able to carry our photosynthesis.
- Cell walls are made of cellulose.
- They store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose.
3
Q
What are the common features of animals?
A
- They are multicellular organisms.
- Their cells don’t contain chloroplasts so they cannot photosynthesize.
- They don’t have cell walls.
- They have nervous co-ordination and are able to move from one place to another.
- They store carbohydrates as glycogen.
4
Q
What are the common features of fungi?
A
- They are unable to carry out photosynthesis.
- Their body is organised into a mycelium made of hyphae.
- Hyphae contain many nuclei.
- Can be multicellular or unicellular.
- Cell walls are made of chitin.
- They use saprotrophic nutrition - They feed off of dead/decaying matter.
- Stores carbohydrates as glycogen.
5
Q
What are the common features of protoctists?
A
- They are unicellular organisms.
- Amoeba have features like an animal cell.
- Chlorella have features like a plant cell.
- A pathogenic example is plasmodium which causes malaria.
6
Q
What is a prokaryotic organism?
A
It is a unicellular organism which does not have a nucleus.
7
Q
What are the common features of bacteria?
A
- They are unicellular organisms.
- They contain a cell wall, a cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids.
- They have no nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA.
- Most bacteria feed off of other living or dead organisms.
- Example: lactobacillus - Used in production of yoghurt.
8
Q
What are plasmids?
A
Plasmids are responsible for carrying genes so they can replicate their DNA.
9
Q
What is a pathogen?
A
It is a microorganism which causes disease.
10
Q
What are the common features of viruses?
A
- They are non-living organisms.
- They are small particles.
- They are parasitic and can only produce in living cells.
- No cellular structure but have a protein coat.
- Contains either DNA or RNA.
- example is the influenza virus.
