variety of living organisms Flashcards
1
Q
Eukaryotic cells meaning
A
Complex cells that contain a nucleus
2
Q
Prokaryotic cells
A
Simple cells that lack nucleus
3
Q
Examples of Eukaryotic cells (four)
A
- Plants
- Animals
- Fungi
- Protoctists
4
Q
Plants description
A
- multicellular
- Have chloroplasts (can photosynthesise)
- Cells have cell walls (made up of cellulose)
- Plants store carbohydrates as starch/ sucrose
e.g maize, peas, beans
5
Q
Animals description
A
- Multicellular
- Don’t have chloroplasts (unable to photosynthesise)
- Cells don’t have cell walls
- Most have nervous coordination- can respond to environment
- Can move around
- Store carbohydrate as glycogen.
e.g Mammals/ insects
6
Q
Fungi description
A
- Single celled
- Others have a fungi body called mycelium which is made up of hyphae thread like structures)
- Hyphae contain a lot of nuclei
- Cannot photosynthesise
- Have cell walls- made up of chitin
- Feed by saprotrophic nutrition- secrete extracellular enzymes into area outside body.
- Store carbohydrates as glycogen
Examples:
- Yeast ( single celled)
- Mucor
7
Q
Protoctists description
A
- Single celled and microscopic
- Some have chloroplasts (similar to plant cells)
- Others are similar to animal cells
E.g: chlorella (plant like)
amoeba (animal like)
8
Q
Bacteria description
A
- Single celled and microscopic
- Don’t have a nucleus
- Have a circular chromosome of DNA
- Some can photosynthesize
- Most bacteria feed off other organisms ( decomposers)
examples: - lactobacillus0 used to make milk
- Pneumococcus
9
Q
Structure of bacteria: Cell
A
- Cell wall
-Cytoplasm - Circular chromosome
- Plasmids (extra bits of DNA)
-Cell membrane
10
Q
Viruses descripion
A
- Particles not really cells
- Smaller than bacteria
- Reproduce inside living cells
- Example of a parasite
- Infect all types of living organisms
- Come in diff shapes and sizes
- Don’t have cellular structure.
- Only a protein coat around genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Examples:
-Influenza virus
- HIV
- Tobacco Mosaic
11
Q
Pathogens
A
- Organisms that cause diseases Include fungi, proctists and bacteria.
Eg:
PROTOCTISTS: Plasmodium= malaria
BACTERIUM: Pneumoccus= causes pneumonia
VIRUSES: Influenza = causes flu
12
Q
Heterotrophic
Saprotrophic:
Autorotrophic:
A
-consumes other food
- feeds on non living organisms
- self producing food- light/water