variety of living organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Eukaryotic cells meaning

A

Complex cells that contain a nucleus

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2
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Simple cells that lack nucleus

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3
Q

Examples of Eukaryotic cells (four)

A
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Fungi
  • Protoctists
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4
Q

Plants description

A
  • multicellular
  • Have chloroplasts (can photosynthesise)
  • Cells have cell walls (made up of cellulose)
  • Plants store carbohydrates as starch/ sucrose
    e.g maize, peas, beans
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5
Q

Animals description

A
  • Multicellular
  • Don’t have chloroplasts (unable to photosynthesise)
  • Cells don’t have cell walls
  • Most have nervous coordination- can respond to environment
  • Can move around
  • Store carbohydrate as glycogen.
    e.g Mammals/ insects
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6
Q

Fungi description

A
  • Single celled
  • Others have a fungi body called mycelium which is made up of hyphae thread like structures)
  • Hyphae contain a lot of nuclei
  • Cannot photosynthesise
  • Have cell walls- made up of chitin
  • Feed by saprotrophic nutrition- secrete extracellular enzymes into area outside body.
  • Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Examples:
- Yeast ( single celled)
- Mucor

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7
Q

Protoctists description

A
  • Single celled and microscopic
  • Some have chloroplasts (similar to plant cells)
  • Others are similar to animal cells
    E.g: chlorella (plant like)
    amoeba (animal like)
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8
Q

Bacteria description

A
  • Single celled and microscopic
  • Don’t have a nucleus
  • Have a circular chromosome of DNA
  • Some can photosynthesize
  • Most bacteria feed off other organisms ( decomposers)
    examples:
  • lactobacillus0 used to make milk
  • Pneumococcus
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9
Q

Structure of bacteria: Cell

A
  • Cell wall
    -Cytoplasm
  • Circular chromosome
  • Plasmids (extra bits of DNA)
    -Cell membrane
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10
Q

Viruses descripion

A
  • Particles not really cells
  • Smaller than bacteria
  • Reproduce inside living cells
  • Example of a parasite
  • Infect all types of living organisms
  • Come in diff shapes and sizes
  • Don’t have cellular structure.
  • Only a protein coat around genetic material (DNA or RNA)

Examples:
-Influenza virus
- HIV
- Tobacco Mosaic

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11
Q

Pathogens

A
  • Organisms that cause diseases Include fungi, proctists and bacteria.

Eg:
PROTOCTISTS: Plasmodium= malaria

BACTERIUM: Pneumoccus= causes pneumonia

VIRUSES: Influenza = causes flu

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12
Q

Heterotrophic
Saprotrophic:
Autorotrophic:

A

-consumes other food
- feeds on non living organisms
- self producing food- light/water

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