variety of living organisms

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells meaning

Answer 1

Complex cells that contain a nucleus

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Simple cells that lack nucleus

Question 3

Examples of Eukaryotic cells (four)

Answer 3

• Plants
• Animals
• Fungi
• Protoctists

Question 4

Plants description

Answer 4

• multicellular
• Have chloroplasts (can photosynthesise)
• Cells have cell walls (made up of cellulose)
• Plants store carbohydrates as starch/ sucrose
  e.g maize, peas, beans

Question 5

Animals description

Answer 5

• Multicellular
• Don’t have chloroplasts (unable to photosynthesise)
• Cells don’t have cell walls
• Most have nervous coordination- can respond to environment
• Can move around
• Store carbohydrate as glycogen.
  e.g Mammals/ insects

Question 6

Fungi description

Answer 6

• Single celled
• Others have a fungi body called mycelium which is made up of hyphae thread like structures)
• Hyphae contain a lot of nuclei
• Cannot photosynthesise
• Have cell walls- made up of chitin
• Feed by saprotrophic nutrition- secrete extracellular enzymes into area outside body.
• Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Examples:
- Yeast ( single celled)
- Mucor

Question 7

Protoctists description

Answer 7

• Single celled and microscopic
• Some have chloroplasts (similar to plant cells)
• Others are similar to animal cells
  E.g: chlorella (plant like)
  amoeba (animal like)

Question 8

Bacteria description

Answer 8

• Single celled and microscopic
• Don’t have a nucleus
• Have a circular chromosome of DNA
• Some can photosynthesize
• Most bacteria feed off other organisms ( decomposers)
  examples:
• lactobacillus0 used to make milk
• Pneumococcus

Question 9

Structure of bacteria: Cell

Answer 9

• Cell wall
  -Cytoplasm
• Circular chromosome
• Plasmids (extra bits of DNA)
  -Cell membrane

Question 10

Viruses descripion

Answer 10

• Particles not really cells
• Smaller than bacteria
• Reproduce inside living cells
• Example of a parasite
• Infect all types of living organisms
• Come in diff shapes and sizes
• Don’t have cellular structure.
• Only a protein coat around genetic material (DNA or RNA)

Examples:
-Influenza virus
- HIV
- Tobacco Mosaic

Question 11

Pathogens

Answer 11

• Organisms that cause diseases Include fungi, proctists and bacteria.

Eg:
PROTOCTISTS: Plasmodium= malaria

BACTERIUM: Pneumoccus= causes pneumonia

VIRUSES: Influenza = causes flu

Question 12

Heterotrophic
Saprotrophic:
Autorotrophic:

Answer 12

-consumes other food
- feeds on non living organisms
- self producing food- light/water