Variety of living organisms

Question 1

Which types of organisms are eukaryotic?

Answer 1

Plants, animals, fungi and protoctists

Question 2

Which type of organism is prokaryotic?

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

Disease-causing organisms

Can be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses

Question 4

Features of plants:

Answer 4

eg sunflower
Multicellular organisms
Cells contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Cellulose cell walls which provide strength
Cells have permanent vacuole with cell sap
Store carbs as starch or sucrose

Question 5

Features of animals:

Answer 5

eg mammals and insects
Multicellular
Cannot photosynthesise
No cell walls
Have nervous systems to coordinate movement
Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 6

Features of fungi:

Answer 6

Eg yeast
Mycelium of hyphae (thread-like structures)
Can be multicellular or unicellular 
Cell walls made of chitin
Feed by saprotrophic nutrition
May store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 7

Features of protoctists:

Answer 7

Single-called organisms
Some are more like animals, eg amoeba which live in pond water
Others are more like plants and have chloroplasts eg chlorella

Question 8

Features of bacteria:

Answer 8

Single-called and very small
Have a cell wall and membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids
Lack a nucleus but have circular chromosomes of DNA
Some can carry out photosynthesis but they mainly eat off of other organisms, dead or alive

Question 9

Features of viruses:

Answer 9

eg COVID, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus
Small particles, not living organisms
Parasitic (use living cells as their hosts)
Do not have a cellular structure but have DNA or RNA and a protein coat