variations of normal newborn exam vocab

Question 1

acrocyanosis

Answer 1

peripheral distribution of cyanosis

Question 2

physiological jaundice (start, progression)

Answer 2

• after 24 hrs of age

- head to toe progression

Question 3

what is the most common neonatal skin lesion

Answer 3

erythema toxicum

Question 4

milia (cause?)

Answer 4

keratin filled cysts

-sebaceous glands that are not developed

Question 5

caput succedaneum

Answer 5

diffuse, edematous swelling of soft tissue

Question 6

does caput succedaneum cross suture lines?

cephalhematoma?

Answer 6

Caput - yes

cephalhematoma - no

Question 7

cephalhematoma

Answer 7

subperiosteal hemorrhage

Question 8

plagiocephaly

Answer 8

craniofacial asymmetry due to restrictive intrauterine environment

Question 9

what increases the chance of head molding? (2)

Answer 9

1. first born

2. prolonged head engagement

Question 10

pseudostrabismus

Answer 10

• true alignment by corneal light reflex test

- false appearance of strabismus

Question 11

brushfield spots

Answer 11

• on the eyes
• white, slightly elevated spots on iris
• concentric ring around the pupil
• may be normal but also associated with trisomy 21

Question 12

chemical conjunctivitis

Answer 12

-irritation of conjunctiva due to antibiotics

Question 13

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 13

• bright red band around iris

- similar to bruise

Question 14

vascular nevi (2 types?)

Answer 14

• mole or birthmark
  1. hemangioma: tumor that regresses over time
  2. vascular malformations

Question 15

what is a nevus (what are the 2 types)

Answer 15

mole or birthmark

1. vascular 2. pigmented

Question 16

what are the 4 types of vascular malformation - vascular nevi (which is most common)

Answer 16

1. port wine stain
2. salmon patch: most common
3. strawberry hemangioma
4. cavernous hemangioma

Question 17

port wine stain

Answer 17

vascular malformation/nevi

• present at birth and permanent
• typically unilateral

Question 18

salmon patch

Answer 18

vascular malformation/nevi

• typically self-resolving
• neck, upper lip, eyelids

Question 19

strawberry hemangioma

Answer 19

vascular malformation/nevi

• concentration of bv that develops w/in first 2 months
• develop w/in first 2 months
• increase in size –> gradually fade

Question 20

cavernous hemangioma

Answer 20

• involves deeper layers of skin

- grows rapidly first 6 mo –> shrink

Question 21

4 types of pigmented nevi

Answer 21

• acquired vs. congenital
  1. nevus spilus
  2. congenital pigmented nevi
  3. dermal melanosis
  4. accessory nipples

Question 22

nevus spilus

Answer 22

1. commonly acquired in late infancy

2. benign unless sudden change

Question 23

congenital pigmented nevi

Answer 23

may be hairy and vary in color and location

Question 24

dermal melanosis

Answer 24

• mongolian spots
• often seen over back and buttocks (A.A., native americans, asians)
• tend to fade, MUST BE DOCUMENTED

Question 25

accessory nipples

Answer 25

-along the milk line

Question 26

ankyloglossia

Answer 26

-short lingual frenulum that hinders tongue movement

Question 27

bifid uvula

Answer 27

-may be normal or associated with submucous cleft of soft palate

Question 28

thrush

Answer 28

• candida albicans

- TX: nystatin/fluconazole

Question 29

epstein’s pearls

Answer 29

-nodules located along buccal and lingual aspects of mandibular and maxillary ridges

Question 30

congenital epulis

Answer 30

• benign granular cell tumor usually located on anterior maxillae
• tx: surgical excision

Question 31

genu recurvatum

Answer 31

congenital hyperextension of the knees

Question 32

risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip

Answer 32

1. first born 2. family hx 3. frank breech

Question 33

annular bands

Answer 33

constriction rings that may be associated with a deformity of the distal extremity

Question 34

talipes equinovarus

Answer 34

club foot

Question 35

calcaneovalgus feet

Answer 35

hyperdorsiflexed foot with forefoot abduction (self-limiting)