Variations booklet objectives

Question 1

cephalohematoma

Answer 1

• subperiosteal hemorrhage
• no scalp discoloration
• swelling not visible until several hours after birth

Question 2

caput succadeneum

Answer 2

• diffuse, edematous, sometimes ecchymotic swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp involving the portion of the head presenting during vertex delivery
• not sharply defined
• EXTENDS ACROSS MIDLINE AND SUTURE LINES

Question 3

erythema toxicum

Answer 3

rash of red splotches with yellowish-white bumps in the center

Question 4

milia

Answer 4

benign, keratin filled cysts that appear as superficial, uniform, pearly white to yellowish domed lesions measuring 1-2 mm in diameter on the face and especially nose

Question 5

what is the natural course of strawberry hemangiomas?

Answer 5

• formed by a concentration of tiny, immature blood vessels
• may develop in the first two months
• more common in premature babies, and girls
• will likely grow in size for several months, then gradually begin to fade
• most completely disappear by age 9

Question 6

what is the natural course of mongolian spots?

Answer 6

• blue to slate gray
• well demarcated that may appear over the buttocks, back, and other parts of the body
• tend to disappear within the first year

Question 7

what is the natural course of salmon patches? what is the cause?

Answer 7

• small pink or red patches found on infant’s neck, eyes, or upper lip
• caused by a concentration of immature blood vessels
• most of these marks fade and disappear completely

Question 8

metatarsus adductus

Answer 8

• tends to appear more in first borns as a result of increased molding effect from primigravida uterus and abdominal wall
• 10% have acetabular dysplasia
• bilateral in 50% of cases

Question 9

talipes equinovarus

Answer 9

• club foot
• involves foot as well as entire leg
• congenital form is usually an isolated anomaly
• teratologic form is usually associated with a neuromuscular disorder
• due to being held in a deformed position in utero

Question 10

what are epstein pearls?

Answer 10

• small developmental anomalies located along buccal and lingual aspects of mandibular and maxillary ridges and in hard palate
• from remnants of mucous gland tissue

Question 11

what are the exams to diagnose DDH?

Answer 11

• barlow (most important)
• ortalani
• dynamic US

Question 12

what is the usual cause of cephalohematoma?

Answer 12

underlying skull fracture (linear and not depressed)

Question 13

what is the treatment for cephalohematoma?

Answer 13

usually no treatment, but sometimes phototherapy for slight jaundice

Question 14

what is the most common neonatal skin lesion?

Answer 14

erythema toxicum

Question 15

when does erythema toxicum most often present?

Answer 15

within the first week (usually day 2)

Question 16

what is the most common vascular malformation?

Answer 16

salmon patches