Variation, reproduction and new technology Flashcards
Adult cell cloning
Process in which the nucleus of an adult cell of one animal is fused with an empty egg from another animal. the embryo which results is places inside the womb of a third animal to develop.
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction that involves only one individual with no fusing of gametes to produce the offspring. The offspring are identical to the parent.
Chromosome
Thread-like structure carrying the genetic information found in the nucleus of a cell.
Clone
Offspring produced by asexual reproduction that is identical to the parent organism.
Gamete
Sex cell that has half the chromosome number of ordinary cells.
Gene
A short section of DNA carrying genetic information.
Genetic engineering/ modification
A technique for changing the genetic information of a cell
Sexual Reproduction
Reproduction that involves the joining (fusion) of male and female gametes, producing genetic variety in the offspring.
Tissue culture
Using small groups of cells from a plant to make new plants.
One advantage and disadvantage of adult cell cloning
A: Could be genetically engineered to produce valuable proteins in their milk, which can be used in medicines.
A: Cloning can save animals from extinction.
D: Concerns about the ethics of cloning.
D: limits variation in a population(limits gene pool). which can cause a problem in natural selection.
D: Concerns about using the technique to clone humans in the future.
What is an advantage of taking cuttings from plants?
A: New, genetically identical plants can be grown quickly and cheaply.
Which cloning technique is suitable for amateur gardeners to do?
A: Tissue culture
B: Genetic modification
C: Taking cuttings
C
What sort of organisms can be genetically engineered?
A: Plants only
B: Animals only
C: Plants and Animals
C
Where is one of the body’s cells are chromosomes found?
The Nucleus
In humans what are the male and female gametes found?
Sperm and Egg
Which statement about sexual reproduction is correct?
A: It needs just one parent.
B: the offspring are always genetically identical
C: the offspring are not identical to the parents
C
How was ‘Dolly the sheep’ produced?
A: By genetic modification
B: By cloning
C: By genetic modification followed by cloning
A
The nucleus from an udder cell is taken from sheep A. It is put into an egg cell from sheep B that has no nucleus. This cell is then put into a host mother, sheep C. Which statement about the resulting lamb is correct?
A: The lamb is a clone of sheep A
B: The lamb is a clone of sheep B
C: The lamb is a clone of sheep C
A
