Variation, Classification & Natural Selection Flashcards
Give 5 kingdom?
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryotea
Feature of animalia?
Vertebrates and invertebrates
Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular
Their cells have no walls
They cannot make food (they are ‘heterotrophs’), and must consume it
They have muscles and nervous systems
Feature of plantae?
Not algae or seaweed
Eukaryotic and multicellular
Cells have walls made from cellulose and usually large vacuole in mature cells
Most plants have leaves, stems and roots
Most plants possess chlorophyll and make food by photosynthesis (autotrophs)
A few are modified to a parasitic way of life
Feature of fungi?
Single celled fungi are called yeast
Eukaryotic, but the multicellular fungi do not have separate celll
The nuclei are dotted around in the tissue
Walls of fungal cells contain chitin
All fungi feed by extracellular digestion, secreting enzymes onto their food and absorbing the soluble products
Most feed on dead material (i.e. are saprophytes). Some are parasitic causing damage to their host
Feature of Protoctista?
Their cells are eukaryotic, but show a diversity of cell types
They feed in a variety of ways
Not associated to each other usually
Feature of prokaryotea?
The cells of prokaryotic organisms are much smaller than those of eukaryotes
Most feed by extracellular digestion, secreting enzymes and absorbing the soluble products
Most feed on dead material, i.e. are saprophytes. Some are parasitic
The cyanobacteria are photosynthetic
Prokaryotes reproduce mainly by binary fission (splitting in half), but can reproduce sexually.
What is 2 types of natural selection?
Stabilizing and directional
2 types of speciation?
Allopatric and sympatric
