Variation and Stats Tests

Question 1

What are some examples of genetic features?

Answer 1

-Natural Eye Colour
-Hair Colour
-Blood Type

Question 2

What are some examples of environmental features?

Answer 2

-Piercings / Tattoos
-Personality
-Language
-Sporting ability

Question 3

Who are some examples of both environmental and genetic features?

Answer 3

-Height
-Skin Colour

Question 4

What are the 2 types of variation?

Answer 4

-Intraspecific
-Interspecific

Question 5

What is Intraspecific Variation?

Answer 5

Differences in characteristics within a species

Question 6

What is Intraspecific Variation created by?

Answer 6

Mutations within a species or variation occurring during reproduction

Question 7

What does this mean for species/variation if its created by variation?

Answer 7

-Only fittest individuals survive to breed
-This variation is acted upon by selection pressures
(Is the way evolution via natural selection operates)

Question 8

What is Interspecific Variation?

Answer 8

Differences in characteristics between different species e.g. grizzly bear vs polar bear

Question 9

What differences can be this variation due to?

Answer 9

Genetic or behavioural

Question 10

What is continuous variation?

Answer 10

Variation which is smooth and falls along a line e.g. height

Question 11

What is discontinuous variation?

Answer 11

Variation that can only be one of a few categories with no in between values e.g. blood type

Question 12

How is continuous variation usually presented?

Answer 12

In a bell shaped curve which is the normal distribution

Question 13

What is the value of normal distribution?

Answer 13

68.2%

Question 14

What is Standard Deviation a Measure of?

Answer 14

How spread out the data is

Question 15

What 2 things does a greater standard deviation represent?

Answer 15

-Greater spread of data
-Characteristic with greater variation

Question 16

What can the t-test tell you?

Answer 16

If there is a statistically significant difference between two means when:
-sample size less than 25
-data is normally distributed

Question 17

What does HO mean in relation to the null hypothesis?

Answer 17

No statistically significant difference

Question 18

What does HA mean in relation to the null hypothesis?

Answer 18

Significant difference

Question 19

Define Correlation.

Answer 19

The degree to which two variables are related

Question 20

What value is a perfect positive correlation?

Answer 20

1

Question 21

What value is a high positive correlation?

Answer 21

0.9

Question 22

What value is a low positive correlation?

Answer 22

0.5

Question 23

What value is no correlation?

Answer 23

0

Question 24

What value is a perfect negative correlation?

Answer 24

-1

Question 25

What value is a high negative correlation?

Answer 25

-0.9

Question 26

What value is a low negative correlation?

Answer 26

-0.5

Question 27

What does spearmen’s rank tell us?

Answer 27

If there is a statistically significant correlation between the measurements from the same sample (5-30 pairs of data)

Question 28

What does spearmen’s rank also tell us?

Answer 28

If the correlation is positive or negative