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Biology-Classification and Evolution > Variation and Stats Tests > Flashcards

Variation and Stats Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of genetic features?

A

-Natural Eye Colour
-Hair Colour
-Blood Type

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2
Q

What are some examples of environmental features?

A

-Piercings / Tattoos
-Personality
-Language
-Sporting ability

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3
Q

Who are some examples of both environmental and genetic features?

A

-Height
-Skin Colour

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of variation?

A

-Intraspecific
-Interspecific

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5
Q

What is Intraspecific Variation?

A

Differences in characteristics within a species

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6
Q

What is Intraspecific Variation created by?

A

Mutations within a species or variation occurring during reproduction

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7
Q

What does this mean for species/variation if its created by variation?

A

-Only fittest individuals survive to breed
-This variation is acted upon by selection pressures
(Is the way evolution via natural selection operates)

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8
Q

What is Interspecific Variation?

A

Differences in characteristics between different species e.g. grizzly bear vs polar bear

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9
Q

What differences can be this variation due to?

A

Genetic or behavioural

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10
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Variation which is smooth and falls along a line e.g. height

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11
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Variation that can only be one of a few categories with no in between values e.g. blood type

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12
Q

How is continuous variation usually presented?

A

In a bell shaped curve which is the normal distribution

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13
Q

What is the value of normal distribution?

A

68.2%

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14
Q

What is Standard Deviation a Measure of?

A

How spread out the data is

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15
Q

What 2 things does a greater standard deviation represent?

A

-Greater spread of data
-Characteristic with greater variation

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16
Q

What can the t-test tell you?

A

If there is a statistically significant difference between two means when:
-sample size less than 25
-data is normally distributed

17
Q

What does HO mean in relation to the null hypothesis?

A

No statistically significant difference

18
Q

What does HA mean in relation to the null hypothesis?

A

Significant difference

19
Q

Define Correlation.

A

The degree to which two variables are related

20
Q

What value is a perfect positive correlation?

A

1

21
Q

What value is a high positive correlation?

A

0.9

22
Q

What value is a low positive correlation?

A

0.5

23
Q

What value is no correlation?

A

0

24
Q

What value is a perfect negative correlation?

A

-1

25
Q

What value is a high negative correlation?

A

-0.9

26
Q

What value is a low negative correlation?

A

-0.5

27
Q

What does spearmen’s rank tell us?

A

If there is a statistically significant correlation between the measurements from the same sample (5-30 pairs of data)

28
Q

What does spearmen’s rank also tell us?

A

If the correlation is positive or negative

Biology-Classification and Evolution (7 decks)

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