Variation And Inheritance

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of variation

Answer 1

Discrete and continuous

Question 2

Discrete variation

Answer 2

Single gene inheritance shows discrete variation where measurements fall into distinct groups.

Question 3

Continuous variation

Answer 3

Characteristics shows continuous variation where there is a range of values between a minimum and maximum e.g human height

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Region of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a characteristic

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

Different forms of the same gene

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

An individual with 2 copies of the same allele present

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

An individual with 2 different alleles present

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

The physical characteristics of an organism

Question 9

Dominant

Answer 9

An allele that always shows it’s effect as a phenotype and masks the presence of the other form

Question 10

Recessive

Answer 10

An allele that is masked by the dominant allele. I.e it will only show its effect/ show in the phenotype if both alleles are present.

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

The set of genes (alleles) possessed by an individual

Question 12

P1

Answer 12

Parent generation

Question 13

F1

Answer 13

First (filial) generation

Question 14

F2

Answer 14

Second (filial) generation

Question 15

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 15

The ratio of appearance of the offspring produced in genetics cross

Question 16

Genotypic ratio

Answer 16

The ratio of genotypes of the offspring produced in a genetics cross

Question 17

Fertilisation is a

Answer 17

Random process