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Science > Variation and classification > Flashcards

Variation and classification Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

A gene is the basic unit of ……………….

A

Chromosomes

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1
Q

Genetic variation comes from……….

A

Genes

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2
Q

Genes are responsible for our characteristics such as eye colour, hair colour etc. we inherit our genes from our parents in the ……………. and ……………..

A

Sperm

Egg

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3
Q

Our genes are found on structures called ……………… inside the nucleus of every cell.

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA

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5
Q

An example of environmental variation

A

If you don’t get enough food you won’t be as tall. If a plant doesn’t get enough light, it can’t grow well.

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6
Q

Odd one out and why?

Height. Weight. Can roll tongue

A

Can roll tongue

It is only affected by genetic factors- the others are influenced by environmental and genetic factors too.

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7
Q

Odd one out and why?

Hair colour. Gender. Skin colour

A

Gender

It is only affected by genetic factors. The others are affected by environmental and genetic factors.

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8
Q

Odd one out and why?

Aggressive Horns Resistant to diesese

A

Horns

It is only affected by genetic factors. The others are affected by environmental and genetic factors.

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9
Q

Odd one out and why?

Accent. Blood group Suntan

A

Blood group

It is affected by only genetic factors. The others are affected by only environmental factors.

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10
Q

What is the plant kingdom? (4 key things)

A

Organisms that make their own food from air, water sunlight and minerals in the soil

Body contains cellulose for support

Green (contains chlorophyll)

Stays in one place

Does

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11
Q

What is the animal kingdom (4 key things)

A

Cannot make their own food (eat plants and animals)

Body does not contain cellulose

Not green (does not have chlorophyll)

Move about

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12
Q

Vertebrates

Name the five groups

A 
Birds
Fish
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
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13
Q

Fish (4)

A

Have gills
Scales
Fins
Cold blooded

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14
Q

Birds (5)

A 
Have wings
Beak
Feathers
Lay eggs with brittle shells
Warm blooded
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15
Q

Amphibians (4)

A

Have moist skin
Live on water and land
Breathe in through their skin in water
Cold blooded

16
Q

Mammals (3)

A

Have hair
Give brith to live young
Warm blooded

17
Q

Reptiles (3)

A

Have dry scaly skin
Lay eggs with tough shells
Cold blooded

36
Q

What is a link between genetic variables called and what does it mean

A

A correlation

When the value of one variable changes the other changes in an expected (predictable) way ie in magnitude (how much) and direction (increase or decrease).

37
Q

What is ‘variation’?

A

The differences between members of the same species.

38
Q

Where are genes located?

A

On chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell.

39
Q

What is a vertebrate?

A

An animal with a backbone (cartilage or bone).

40
Q

What are Arthropods(3)

A

An invertebrate animal
with segmented bodies and
hollow jointed legs

=Insect, spider or crustacean

41
Q

Odd one out and why?

Hair length, arm length, eye colour

A

Eye colour. It is only affected by genetic factors. The other two are affected by genetic and environmental factors.

42
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms with similar features that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

43
Q

What is variation caused by?

A

Genetic and environmental factors

44
Q

What are the 7 invertebrate groups?

A 
Annelids
Molluscs
Echinodermata
Crustaceans
Insects
Arachnida
Myriapods
45
Q

What are the features of annelids (2)

and give an example

A

Long body divided into segments,
bristles called chaetae
Eg earth worm

46
Q

What are the features of molluscs (2) and give an example

A

Soft body with shell,
live in water and on land

Eg snail, cockles, (and octopus and squid are cephalopod molluscs)

47
Q

What are Echinoderms? (3)

A

Star-shaped body,
tough, spiny skin,
live in water

Eg star fish and sea urchins

48
Q

What are insects (5) and examples?

A

Body divided into 3 sections:head, thorax and abdomen
3 pairs of jointed legs
Antennae
Body covered by a hard case-like outer skeleton
Eg ladybird, butterfly, fly, wasp, praying mantis, cockroach, beetle, locust

49
Q

What are the features of arachnids (4) and give an example

A

Body divided into 2 sections
4 pairs of jointed legs
Antennae
Body covered by a hard outer skeleton

Eg spiders and scorpions

50
Q

What are Myriapods (4) and an example?

A

Body divided into lots of sections
Very many pairs of jointed legs
Antennae
Body covered by a hard outer skeleton

Eg centipedes and millipedes

51
Q

Why do scientists classify plants and animals

A

There are millions of different species so it’s difficult to name and describe them individually so they are classified into groups similar features

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