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S2 Biology > Variation > Flashcards

Variation Flashcards

1
Q

What is variation?

A

Living organism that belong to same species resemble each other, but usually differ in a number of ways.

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2
Q

What are the 2 causes of variation?

A

Genetics
The environment

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3
Q

How can genetics be varied?

A

Mutations in the DNA.
Through sexual reproduction.

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4
Q

What are some examples of genetic variation?

A

Eye colour
Blood group
Tongue-rolling
Genetic conditions - cystic fibrosis, Down’s syndrome

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5
Q

How can the environment be varied?

A

Climate
Nutrient availability
Soil, e.g. pH or moisture levels
Lifestyle

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6
Q

What are some examples of environmental variation?

A

Height of pea plant
Shoe size

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7
Q

What type of variation is genetic variation?

A

Discontinuous variation

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8
Q

What type of variation is environmental variation?

A

Continuous variation

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9
Q

What type of graph can be used to showcase continuous variation?

A

Histogram

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10
Q

How does a histogram showcase continuous variation?

A

Gradual change
No distinct groups
Values over a range

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11
Q

What is special about a histogram?

A

No spaces between bars.

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12
Q

What type of graph can be used to showcase discontinuous variation?

A

Bar chart

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13
Q

How does a bar chart showcase discontinuous variation?

A

Distinct groups
No overlap

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14
Q

What is special about a bar chart?

A

Spaces between bars.

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15
Q

What are some examples of discontinuous variation?

A

Blood groups
Tongue-rolling
Attached/detached ear-lobes
Shoe size

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16
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Type of variation shown by gradual change in a characteristic in a population.

17
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Other type of variation in which all individuals can be clearly divided into two or more groups and no intermediate states.

18
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Process in which better adapted individuals survive hat expense of less well adapted ones) and pass on their genes to their offspring.

19
Q

Where is natural selection important?

A

Where there is competition for natural resources.

20
Q

What are the 3 elements of natural selection?

A

Difference between phenotypes
Differential survival
Differential reproductive success

21
Q

What is an example of the 3 elements of natural selection?

A
  1. Shoe grey squirrels can run faster

S2 Biology (4 decks)

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