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Biology - Year 9 > Variation > Flashcards

Variation Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a species?

A

a group of organisms with similar features that distinguish them from other organisms

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2
Q

what is biodiversity?

A

the variety of living things, their relationships, and the ecosystems they form

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3
Q

why is it important for ecosystems to have high levels of biodiversity?

A

ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity are more able to survive change, because there is a greater chance of one of the species having features that enable it to adapt to change

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4
Q

what is classification?

A

the way that scientists group organisms, for example into a species

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5
Q

what is variation?

A

the range of characteristics across individuals of the same group

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6
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

a community of organisms along with the non-living components (air, water, soil)

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7
Q

continuous variation

A

any feature that changes gradually over a range of values

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8
Q

discontinuous variation

A

features with a limited number of values

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9
Q

what is correlation

A

how well sets of data are linked; high correlation shows that there is a strong link between two sets of data

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10
Q

what is inbreeding?

A

breeding with close relatives

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11
Q

why is variation important to living organisms

A

variation in a population gives certain organisms with more favourable features a survival advantage. when these organisms reproduce, the feature is issued on to offspring

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12
Q

what causes variation?

A
  1. the environment you’re in

2. inheritance and genetics

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13
Q

why are offspring different?

A

parents pass on genetic information to their offspring in the nucleus of their sex cells. the offspring inherit one set of information from the mother’s egg cell nucleus and one set from the father’s sperm cell nucleus.

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14
Q

what is selective breeding?

A

selecting organisms with desirable features and use these to breed from

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15
Q

why do farmers use selective breeding?

A

ultimately helps farmers make larger profits bu producing higher quality products

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16
Q

what is natural selection?

A

process by which characteristics that can be passed on in genes become more common in a population over many generations if they help the organism survive

17
Q

what did Charle Darwin conclude?

A
  • all organisms produce more offspring than is needed
  • organisms have a fairly constant population size
  • there is a wide range of features within a species
  • some variations are inherited by the offspring
18
Q

what is a genome?

A

a genome is the DNA of a particular organism, for example a human genome

19
Q

describe the shape of DNA

A

a DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around each other to form a helix

20
Q

where is DNA found?

A

in every nucleus of every living organism

21
Q

how much DNA is in each cell?

A

approximately two metres

22
Q

what does DNA do?

A

it carries the code for making all the proteins that contribute to the characteristics of every individual

23
Q

what are genes?

A

a gene is a section of DNA that is responsible for producing a particular protein that contributes to a particular characteristic. such as eye colour

24
Q

what does the nucleus contain?

A

the cell’s chromosomes

25
Q

what is mutation

A

a change in a DNA sequence

26
Q

how many single chromosomes does a human sperm cell and egg cell each contain?

A

23

27
Q

what is a chromosome?

A

thread-like strands of DNA that carry genetic information

28
Q

what are the seven characteristics of living organisms

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

29
Q

what do viruses do?

A

enter cells and use the cell’s reproductive machinery to make new ones

30
Q

what does bacteria do?

A

have a loop of DNA

31
Q

what does fungi do?

A

causes mild disorder in humans

32
Q

what are protoctists?

A

single-called organisms

33
Q

what are four primary defences of the body that prevent pathogens from entering?

A

blood clotting
skin
mucus
tears

34
Q

which cells make up the body’s immune system?

A

white blood cells
B-cells
T-cells
phagocytes

35
Q

what conditions do bacteria need to grow?

A

oxygen
warmth
food
water

Biology - Year 9 (2 decks)

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