Variance

Question 1

Standard Deviation

Answer 1

(s) average value that individual numbers vary from mean

Question 2

Deviation

Answer 2

score-mean, error or riesidual

Question 3

sum of deviation scores

Answer 3

0

Question 4

sum of squares

Answer 4

(SS); squares of deviations

Question 5

Variance

Answer 5

(s²) SS/(n-1); average of squared deviation from the mean

Question 6

effect size

Answer 6

between group variance, assess for experimental effects on DV, measure of the impact of your manipulation

Question 7

error

Answer 7

within-group variance, comparison of scores within a group, differences are seen as individual defferences

Question 8

What does ANOVA look at?

Answer 8

ratio of between-group :: within group variance

Question 9

Why would you throw out an outlier?

Answer 9

based on the premise that they do not represent your population

Question 10

Sample distribution

Answer 10

frequency distribution from a sample, not affected by sample size, a nonbiased predictor of a population parameter

Question 11

s

Answer 11

SD of sample distribution

Question 12

Population distribution

Answer 12

frequency distribution of a population

Question 13

σ (sigma)

Answer 13

SD of population distribution

Question 14

Sampling distribution

Answer 14

frequency distribution of data from multiple samples

Question 15

standard error (SE)

Answer 15

SD of sampling distribution, difference of a sample mean from the true population mean, measure of how well a sample represents the population

Question 16

How can you increase the reliability of the sample mean as a predictor of the true population mean?

Answer 16

increase sample population size

Question 17

What does large SE indicate?

Answer 17

significant variability between means of different samples, such that one or more of the samples may not represent the population well

Question 18

How many scores do you need to generally assure an approximately normal distribution?

Answer 18

N ≥ 30

Question 19

What is variance equal to?

Answer 19

variance = SD² = MSwithin = SS/df

Question 20

Which has less error, the full model or the restricted model?

Answer 20

The full model always has less error than the restricted model

Question 21

Which is a better predictor of the data, the full model or the restricted model?

Answer 21

The full model (using group means) is always a better predictor of the data than the restricted means (group mean)

Question 22

What do all test statistics test?

Answer 22

the likelihood of obtaining a particular test statistic if there were no effect (null hypothesis)

Question 23

Unsystematic variation

Answer 23

happens by chance/cannot be explained by the manipulation/model/hypothesis we fit to the data