Variables of Research

Question 1

Variables of Research

Answer 1

Independent Variable
Dependent Variable\
Numerical Variable (Quantitative)
Categorical Variable (Qualitative)
Extraneous Variable

Question 2

What is an Independent Variable?

Answer 2

It can be manipulated or changed. It is controlled by the researcher and It’s the own that cause changes.

Question 3

What is a Dependent Variable?

Answer 3

It is measured or observed. It is affected by the Independent Variable.

Question 4

What is Numerical Variable?

Answer 4

It’s a Quantitative Variable. It’s a quantifiable characteristic whose values are numbers (except numbers which are codes standing up for categories).

Question 5

What is Categorical Variable?

Answer 5

A categorical variable (sometimes called a nominal variable) is one that has two or more categories, but there is no intrinsic ordering to the categories.

Question 6

What is Extraneous Variable?

Answer 6

Not a primary variable of interest but it can affect the outcome of the study

Question 7

Two types of Numerical Variable

Answer 7

Discrete and Continuous

Question 8

What is Discrete Variable

Answer 8

Countable number of distinct values (finite) It doesn’t take negative value. A whole number.

Question 9

What is Continuous Variable

Answer 9

Can take on any value (infinite) Decimal and Fraction

Question 10

Two measurements of Numerical Variable

Answer 10

Interval and Ratio

Question 11

What is Interval Variable

Answer 11

Difference between consecutive values are equal and meaningful but the numbers are arbitrary, It doesn’t have a zero point

Question 12

What is Ratio Variable

Answer 12

Difference between consecutive values are equal and meaningful. It does have a zero point

Question 13

Types of Categorical Variable

Answer 13

Nominal, Ordinal, and Dichotomous (Binary)

Question 14

What is Nominal Variable

Answer 14

Represents categories/label without ranks/order

Question 15

What is Ordinal Variable

Answer 15

Represents categories/label with ranks/order

Question 16

What is Dichotomous Variable

Answer 16

Variables with yes or no options

Question 17

Examples of Numerical Variables

Answer 17

Age (e.g., 25 years, 42 years)
Income (e.g., $50,000, $75,000)
Temperature (e.g., 32.5°C, 20.2°C)

Question 18

Examples of Continuous Variables

Answer 18

Height (e.g., 165.3 cm, 180.1 cm)
Weight (e.g., 68.7 kg, 90.2 kg)
Blood pressure (e.g., 120/80 mmHg, 135/90 mmHg)

Question 19

Examples of Interval Variables

Answer 19

Temperature in Celsius (e.g., 20°C, 25°C)
IQ scores (e.g., 100, 120)
Calendar years (e.g., 2000, 2023)

Question 20

Examples of Ratio Variables

Answer 20

Height in meters (e.g., 1.75 m, 1.80 m)
Weight in kilograms (e.g., 70 kg, 90 kg)
Distance traveled (e.g., 5.3 miles, 10.2 miles)

Question 21

Examples of Ordinal Variables

Answer 21

Education level (e.g., High School, Bachelor’s, Master’s)
Customer satisfaction rating (e.g., Very Dissatisfied, Dissatisfied, Neutral, Satisfied, Very Satisfied)
Economic status (e.g., Low Income, Middle Income, High Income)

Question 22

Examples of Nominal Variables

Answer 22

Gender (e.g., Male, Female, Non-binary)
Marital status (e.g., Single, Married, Divorced, Widowed)
Eye color (e.g., Blue, Brown, Green)

Question 23

Examples of Dichotomous Variables

Answer 23

Yes/No responses (e.g., Smoker/Non-smoker)
Pass/Fail outcomes
Presence/Absence of a condition (e.g., Diabetes present/absent)