Variables Flashcards
Factors that can be manipulated and measured
Variables
Characteristics or attribute of persons or objects which assumes different values for different objects under consideration
Variables
Process of determining the value or label of a particular variable for a particular individual or object on which variable is measured
Measurement
Can assume finite or at most, countable finite number of values
Discrete variable
Students, professors, psychologists, children
Usually measured by counting or enumeration
Discrete variable
Those that cannot be counted because of their distinct division
Continuous variable
Intelligence, beauty, effectiveness, cleanliness
Considered as abstract variables
Continuous variable
Can assume values corresponding to a line of interval
Continuous variable
Variable that can give categorical responses
Qualitative variable
Occupation, gender, civil status, religion
Takes on numerical values representing an amount or quantity
Quantitative variable
Height, salary, no of children, weight, time
Variables that the researcher controls or manipulate in accordance with the purpose of the investigation
Independent variable
Variables that are measures based on the effect of the independent variables. This is sometime called an outcome variable
Dependent variable
Variable distribution
Univariable distribution
Bivariable distribution
Multivariable distribution
Sometimes, this referred to as the
universe in the statistical
investigation
Population
Total or entire group of
individuals, events, objects,
observations, reactions to certain
stimuli that have unique patterns of
qualities and from which information is desired by the researcher
Population
Portion or subset of the
population used to gather
information from the population
Sample
Set of individuals, objects, observations, reactions that truly represents the unique qualities or characteristics of the population
Sample
Essential steps in determining the sample size
1 determine the population where the data he needs can be gathered.
2 determine the kind of sample to be drawn from it or to be selected from the identified population.
3. Determine the desired sample size.
n= N/ 1+Ne^2
n - sample size
N- entire population
e- estimated marginal error
Measures of the population or numerical characteristics of the population. Exist whether we compute them or not
Parameters
Measures that researcher would have computed about the sample
Statistics
Numerical value that describe the sample.
Synonymous to the concept of estimate
Statistics
Sampling process where each unit in the population has known nonzero probability of being included in the sample. Most unbiased but difficult method
Probability sampling
