Variables

Question 1

Difference between a concept and a variable

Answer 1

A variable can be measured

Question 2

What is a variable?

Answer 2

An image, perception, or concept that can be measured

Question 3

Operationalization process

Answer 3

Converting concepts into variables for measurement

Question 4

Ex: concept of high academic achievement

Answer 4

Indicators: overall performance, performance on exams/in practical work placements, etc.
Variables: exam grades, overall grades, etc.
Decision level: considered high achiever if > 85%

Question 5

Causal relationship

Answer 5

Dependent variable changes because of independent variable
IV is the cause
DV is the outcome

Question 6

Extraneous variable

Answer 6

Other factors in real-life situations that might affect the DV outside the experiment

Question 7

Intervening variable

Answer 7

Mediating variable that bridges relationship between IV and DV

Question 8

Active variables

Answer 8

Same as independent
Study intervention
Ex: different teaching models, experimental intervention, programs
A researcher can manipulate, control, measure

Question 9

Attribute variables

Answer 9

A researcher cannot manipulate, control, or measure
Study population
Ex: someone’s age, gender, attitude, religion

Question 10

Categorical variables

Answer 10

Constant variable: has only one category or value (ex: water or tree)

Dichotomous variable: has only 2 categories (male/female)

Polytomous variable: has more than 2 categories (high, average, low)