Variables

Question 1

What are variables?

Answer 1

• anything that may assume numerical or categorical values
• central concept in research
• any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls, or manipulates

Question 2

What are the 2 types of variable?

Answer 2

1. Discrete
2. Continuous

Question 3

Type: countable, certain number of values

Answer 3

Discrete

Question 4

Type: measured, infinite number of possible values

Answer 4

Continuous

Question 5

3 kinds of variable

Answer 5

1. Independent variable
2. Dependent variable
3. Controlled variable

Question 6

Kind: manipulated, intentionally changed

Answer 6

Independent variable

Question 7

Kind: responding variable, change as a result of the independent variable, measure or observe

Answer 7

Dependent variable

Question 8

Kind: kept the same/unchanged, positive and negative controlled

Answer 8

Controlled variable

Question 9

Assigning numbers to represent the values or properties of a variable

Answer 9

Scales of Measurement

Question 10

What are the 4 concepts of scales of measurement

Answer 10

1. Identity
2. Magnitude (ordinal)
3. Interval
4. A true zero

Question 11

Concept:
- number has particular meaning
- categories are discrete

Answer 11

Identity

Question 12

Concept:
- inherent order from large to small, and vice versa

Answer 12

Magnitude (order)

Question 13

Concept:
- difference between two numbers

Answer 13

Interval

Question 14

Concept:
- absence of property
- no value

Answer 14

A true zero

Question 15

What are the 4 types of scales of measurement?

Answer 15

1. Nominal Variables
2. Ordinal Variables
3. Interval Variables
4. Ratio Variables

Question 16

Type of Scales of measurement:
- the least like “real” numbers
- identity or name
- codes to represent categories

Example:
1 - male
2 - female

Answer 16

Nominal Variables

Question 17

Type of Scales of measurement:
- have identity and magnitude (order)
- we know relative order
- no standardized interval scale
- establishes and measures qualitative rank and traits
- Likert scale

Answer 17

Ordinal Variables

Question 18

Type of Scales of measurement:
- have identity, magnitude, and known distance between values
- form a true scale, but without a zero point (absolute)
- continuos variable

Answer 18

Interval Variables

Question 19

Type of Scales of measurement:
- have identity, magnitude, and interval
- true numbers
- score data
- absolute zero

Answer 19

Ratio Variables