Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PKPD > Variability > Flashcards

Variability Flashcards

1
Q

what drug has higher plasma concentrations in Asians

A

rosuvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which race is more sensitive to propranolol

A

Chinese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which CYP has a lot of genetic variability

A

CYP2D6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what drug has higher concentrations with less functional CYP2D6 genes

A

nortriptyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

renal clearance of which two drugs rise from birth before peaking and declining with age

A

ceftriaxone
theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

this drug has a half life and Vd that increases and CL that decreases with age

A

diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

this drug shows higher Cp and lower CL in the elderly
EC50 is also at a lower concentration, so they have reduced metabolism and greater sensitivity

A

midazolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is generally expected of metabolism and clearance with age

A

decreased drug metabolism and renal clearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

neonates haw low clearance, long half lives, and high Vd for this drug

A

theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which gender has increased CYP3A4 activity (ex. lovastatin)

A

females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which gender has increased CYP2D6 activity (ex. metoprolol) and CYP1A2 (ex. theophylline)

A

males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

males and females have the same activity in which CYP

A

CYP2C19 (ex. omeprazole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

with methylprednisolone, females show

A

higher sensitivity and clearance (CYP3A4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which class of drugs have higher AUCs in women, so they are more likely to have toxic concentrations

A

antiretrovirals (ritonavir, atazanavir, CYP3A4 and 2D6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

metoprolol shows what in females

A

higher concentrations and lower CL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

females are more sensitive to what AE when taking quinidine (CYP3A4)

A

ECG changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which drug showed a DDI with antifungals (-azoles) leading to QT interval changes in females

A

terfenadine (seldane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aspirin showed __ reduction in CV events in women than men

A

less reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

drugs show reduced renal clearance at what time of day

A

night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

theophylline shows less AEs when administered with or without food?

A

without

with food increases incidence of AE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

effects of food on drug absorption

A

delayed gastric emptying
increases dissolving poorly soluble drugs
changed GI pH
stimulated bile flow
etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which 2 drugs showed higher peak concentrations when given with food

A

tizanidine
desvenlafaxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

GFJ inactivates GI CYP3A4, increasing the AUC of which drug

A

simvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

vitamins should always be taken ___ food

A

with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

are there absorption changes with obesity

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

drug distribution may be affected in obesity and depends on

A

water, fat, logP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what effect does obesity have on CL

A

increase in CrCl, partial increase in renal Cl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

which drug shows increased ddrug clearance in obesity

A

lithium

29
Q

what metabolism changes occur in obesity

A

variable, CLm can increase, decrease, or not change

30
Q

which drug shows lower CLm in obesity and why

A

methylprednisolone
liver is larger, but behaves as though it is impaired

31
Q

which drug has higher EC50 in the obese, so they are less sensitive to drug effects

A

atracarium

32
Q

enzyme induction of CYP1A2 in smoking leads to what ADME change?

A

increased CL or elimination
enhanced disposition

33
Q

which drugs show increases CL with smoking

A

propranolol, tizanidine

34
Q

which drugs induce CYP3A4

A

anticonvulsants, St Johns Wort

35
Q

which drug induces CYP1A2

A

omeprazole

36
Q

which drug induces CYP2E1

A

ethanol

37
Q

OCs induce which metabolic pathway

A

conjugation

38
Q

chronic liver disease –> reduce liver cell mass and enzyme activity due to alteration –> what effect on metabolism?

A

impaired drug metabolism

39
Q

sinusoidal capillarization –> uptake of certain drugs in liver cells may be impaired –> what effect on metabolism (chronic liver disease)?

A

reduced metabolism

40
Q

how does liver disease affect CL

A

reduced bile formation –> decreased CL
cirrhosis causes reduced plasma blood flow and GFR –> decreased renal Cl

41
Q

hepatic CL of high CL drugs if limited by what

A

blood flow

42
Q

hepatic CL of low CL drugs is influenced by

A

blood binding and CLint

43
Q

do high and low CL drugs have low or high bioavailability

A

high CL – low F
low CL – high F

44
Q

cirrhosis reduced pre-systemic hepatic metabolism which affects oral bioavailability how

A

increases oral bioavailability

45
Q

cockcroft gault equation

A

CrCl = [140-age]IBW / 72Scr

46
Q

IBW =

A

M = 50 + 2.3 (ht over 5 ft)
F = 45.5 + 2.3 (ht over 5 ft)

47
Q

for cockcroft gault, if ABW < IBW use what in the equation

A

ABW

48
Q

for cockcroft gault if patient is >65 and Cr concentration is <1 use what to calculate CrCl

A

1

49
Q

what effect might renal disease have on absorption

A

Tmax may slightly increase- negligible consequences
Impaired metabolism may increase oral bioavailability

50
Q

plasma protein biding of ACIDIC drugs is ___ in renal dysfunction

A

decreased

51
Q

plasma protein binding of basic drugs is ___ in renal dysfunction

A

unaffected

52
Q

Vd of drugs is ___ in renal dysfunction

A

increased

53
Q

is non-renal CL affected by renal dysfunction

A

can be altered, impaired drug metabolism

54
Q

is renal metabolism impaired in renal dysfunction

A

yes

55
Q

is renal excretion impaired in renal dysfunction?
what is the effect

A

yes
excessive drug accumulation

56
Q

which rule says elimination rate constant (ke) depends linearly on GFR
dose is adjusted to renal function proportional to ke, and interval stays the same

A

Dettli RUle 1
CKD

57
Q

which rule says half the starting dose is given every 1 half life

A

Kunin RUle
CKD

58
Q

which rule says a normal dose is given at longer intervals, which is prolonged proportional to the CL ration

A

Dettli RUle 2
CKD

59
Q

distribution is affected in diabetes due to altered what?

A

albumin and reduced binding

60
Q

is metabolism affected in diabetes

A

may be if liver dysfunction develops

61
Q

which model shows how a disease progresses over time

A

disease progression model

62
Q

phenytoin is effective at ___ plasma concentrations in T2DM

A

lower

63
Q

ADME changes in CHF

A

reduced metabolism
reduced renal function/CL
decreased hepatic BF
increased IL6

64
Q

which drug shows impaired metabolism in HF

A

lidocaine

65
Q

which drug has reduced CL in CHF

A

vancomycin

66
Q

which ADME changes are seen in thyroid disease

A

CLm and CLr increase in hyperthyroidism and decrease in hypothyroidism

67
Q

which ADME change is seen in cystic fibrosis
which drugs are an example

A

increased renal clearance
dicloxacillin, prednisolone, lorazepam

68
Q

which mediator is increased in inflammatory states, and how does it affect CL

A

IL6 increases which reduces drug CL

PKPD (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions