Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

S3 heart sound

Answer 1

Abnormal
Occurs in early diastole
From volume overloaded ventricle
The rapid cessation of blood flow in early diastole (atrial and ventricular pressures equilibrate) resulting in an abnormal heart sound

Question 2

S4 heart sound

Answer 2

Abnormal
Occurs in late diastole
From a pressure overloaded ventricle
The extra pressure and volume conferred by atrial contraction into a still ventricle results in an abnormal heart sound