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Valvular Heart D > Valvular Heart D > Flashcards

Valvular Heart D Flashcards

1
Q

After Balloonig surgery for mMitral valve, what is the best way to calculated MVA?

A

Planimetry

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2
Q

Stages of Valvular Heart Disease?

A

Stage A= at risk
Stage B= Progressive
Stage C= Asymptomatic Severe
Stage D= Symptomatic Severe

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3
Q

what is this? wnad where we see it?

A

Late systolic MR.
Hammocking Sign

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4
Q

Antegrade Flow
Back Flow jet

A

Antegrade flow: Two normal flow seen in patient with Prostetic bileafelt valve

Back Flow jet: Two normal Regurgitation flow back

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5
Q

DX

A

Bioprosthetic Valve.

There’s not reverberation or shadowing

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6
Q

Atrial Dilatation will lead to?

A

Trumbus and Atrial Fibrillation

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7
Q

Image compatible with?

A

TR.
Systolic flow reversal (s wave is retrograde means above base line and it should be bellow baseline anterograde)

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8
Q

DX

A

Cut of sign in Acute mitral regurgitation

It’s the opposited to dagger signal from Dinamic obstruction

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9
Q

Differeces Between Pannus and Thrombus?

A

Pannus is groing tissue (chronic), surgically removed

Trambus is acute and can be treated with Fibrinolysis

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10
Q

Minor criteria for I endocarditis (duke critireas)

A

-Fevere> 38
-Vacular phenomena
-Inmunologic phenomena
-Evidence of active infection
-Predisposing heart condition or inejction od grugs

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11
Q

most commun Bioprosthetiv Valve?

A

Stented xenograph

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12
Q

What can we see in patient with Mitral Stenosis, 2D and Color?

A

L shape or Hockey Stick
Fish mouth
Domming in Diastole
La enlargment

Color
Candle Flame

M- Mode
Thick Mitral Leaflet
Decrease of E - F slope
Pulling of the posterior leaflet up by the anterior leaflet

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13
Q

DX?

A

Mitral Stenosis

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14
Q

Does the HR affects Mitral valve Area?

A

YES, good HR <80 (faster HR, Pessure Gradiant increase)]j
MV depends of Preload

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15
Q

Perivalvular complication of endocarditis?

A

Abscess
fistula
Mycotic Aneurysm

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16
Q

2D and M-mode of Bicuspid Aortic V.

A

Systolic and Diastolic Duming (charactristic of Bicuspid V)
Eccentric line in diastolic (M-Mode)

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17
Q

what is a systemic Valve

A

Sistemy Valve is the one that is providing Oxigenited blood for Ejemplo MV

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18
Q

when Calculating the EOR by PISA method from where do you take the alising velocity?

A

The lowest

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19
Q

Which Orifice area is smaller: FOR or AOR

A

FOR or Cross-sectional orifice Area

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20
Q

Which Orifice Area is Evaluagted by Echo?

A

FOA

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21
Q

diagnosis, and explination

A

Mitral stenosis, Cause by comisural fusion of the two leafles (comun see it in Rehumatic MS)

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22
Q

Maximun gradiant is always higert than Peak to Peak gradiant? True or False

A

True

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23
Q

Ingroing tissue from the sewing ring in a PHV, that has to be surgical removed.

A

Pannus

Pannus is chronic

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24
Q

Paradoxical Low Flow, low Gradiant

A

AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2
Pressure Gradiant < 40mmhg
EF > 50%
SV <35 ml

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25
Q

The leaflet body displaces into the LA, the leaflet tips stay at annular level or above into LV

A

Billowing

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26
Q

DX

A

Bbileaflet prothetic valve. and vegetation

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27
Q

Does the PHV mechanical patient, requires lifelong anticoagulation?

A

Yes, mechanical valve requires Lifelong antocoagulation

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28
Q

In Prosthetic Valve. more than one closing or openin click, indicates:

A

Rocking Valve
means, the valve is moving and it’s not totally place correctly

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29
Q

Systolic Flow reversal in pumonary veins, Means?

A

Severe Mitral Regurg
S reversal

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30
Q

Congenital Disease where the separation between MV and TV is more than 1cm

A

Ebstein’s Anomaly

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31
Q

Low Flow, High Gradiat

A

AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2
Pressure Gradiant > 40mmhg
EF < 50%

32
Q

Most common cause of MR?

A

Myxomatous degenerative.
Causes: Valve porlapse and Flail

33
Q

Local complication of Infected endocarditis?

A

Local valvular tissue Destruction:
Deformation
Perforation
that will lead to Regurgitation

34
Q

The valves are named base on the Ventricle
LV= MV
RV=TV

A

true

35
Q

the trycuspic Valve Vegetations in most common in:

A

Drug Abuse patient

36
Q

DX

A

Methalic prosthetic valve

You can see the click

37
Q

most common complication in patient with Stented Bioprothestic valve?

A

LVOT obstruction

38
Q

Whas is Holosystolic MR?

A

The Regurgitation occurs during the whole Systole

39
Q

Define eccentric Swarling jet.

A

indicates severe MR

40
Q

AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2
Pressure Gradiant < 40mmhg
EF < 50%

A

Low Flow Low gradiant AS

41
Q

Major duke criteria: echocardiography

A

-Vegetation
-Peri-Valvular abscess
-New or partial; dehiscence
-New regurgitation
-PAravalvular regurgitation

42
Q

Major Criteria for Infective Endocarditis

A

Positive culture for IE
Evidence of Endocardial Involvement (echo- Cardiac Ct or Nuclear imaging)

43
Q

Name of the most Severe Form of Degenerative MV.

A

BARLOW’S disease
Is caracterized by bileaflet prolapse

44
Q

DX

A

MV prolapse. Late systolic Hammoching
Leaflet displacement more than 3 cm bellow the C- D line

45
Q

The radio of the FOA and the AOR is known as:

A

Discharge Coefficient

46
Q

Average course of Valvular Aortic Stenosis

A

Avarage of 60 years of age:
Angina
Syncope
HF

Symptons Starts in decompasated Phase

47
Q

What is this and where do we see it?

A

Holosystolic MR
Tipicaly in Patient with MR due MI or non-isquemic cardiomiopaty

48
Q

Characterists of Compensated Aortic Stenosis

A

Increase Afterload
Decrease Stroke Vomune (in decompasated phase)
Preserved Contractility

49
Q

When does the symptons of Aortic Stenosis will apper?

A

When the Orifice is reduced to One Quarter its normal size

50
Q

In which View is MV porlapse evaluated?

A

PLAX

51
Q

DX

A

Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis

52
Q

Normal Flow High Gradiant AS

A

AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2
Pressure Gradiant > 40mmhg
EF > 50%
SV >35 ml

53
Q

AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2
Pressure Gradiant > 40mmhg
EF > 50%
SV <35 ml

A

Paradoxical
High Gradiant
Low Flow AS

54
Q

What is this

A

Eccentric diastolic line
Bicuspid AV

55
Q

DX

A

Dehiscence of Mechanical Prosthetic Valve (Rocking Valve)

56
Q

Excessive Bublle Destruction in the near field. (Apex) during contraste study

A

Swirling

57
Q

Patology on the image? and Which disease can it causes?

A

Enstein’s Anomaly
TVR

58
Q

What can we see in PX with MS?
2D, M mode and color

A

2D:
Doming in diastoly PLAV, 4C, 2C
L shape or Hockey Stick PLAV
Fish mouth PSAX
Calcification on the tips or on the body of the valve

M-Mode
Increase of the F slope
E and A wave of the Posterios leaflet going up

Color d
Candle Flame

59
Q

Refers to an increase of Stroke Volumen more than 20% after DST?

A

Contractile Flow Reverse

60
Q

Direction of the jet in MV prolapse or flail?

A

away from the valve afected

61
Q

Rheumatic Valvular Desiase Affects which valvular first?
give order

A

1-MV
2-MV + AV
3-AV
4-MV + AV + TV

62
Q

Name and where do we see it

A

Picklehaube Sign

bileaflet mitral prolapse in TDI PW Doppler.
S wave > 16cm/sec

63
Q

what can it be associated to Goose Neck?

A

AVSD

64
Q

what is this

A

Bicuspid AV domming in sistole and diastole

65
Q

Hos is the E velocity in Mitral stenosis

A

it’s high

66
Q

Is peak Velocity Realted to Regurgitation?

A

Not.

Peake velocity is related to stenosis

67
Q

DX

A

Aortic Paravalvular Abscces

68
Q

How to calculated MVA?

A

Planemetry
PHT
PISA
Continutiy Equt

69
Q

Primary Triscuspid Regurgitation is called?

A

Low pressure TR

70
Q

Does Biological valve have Click? or created the roching Valve

A

Not, The click is sseinjg in Prosthetic Valve and more than one closing click can indicated Rocking valve

71
Q

Above which Velocity, E wave has to be, to be considered. Severe MR

A

E mitral wave Velocity more than 1,2m/s

72
Q

DX

A

Bioprosthetic Valve

There is not reverberation

73
Q

Pressure Gradiatn Acroos the mitral valve, depends on:

A

AVA
LV-LA Compliance
HR
Transvalvular Flow

74
Q

The leaflet tips displaced into the LA from the annular plane and the leaflet tips pointing toward the LV

A

Prolapse
leaflet displaced more than 2 cm above the annulaus

75
Q

Secuandary Tricuspid Regurgitation is called?

A

High Pressure TR

76
Q

Tricuspid valve vegetation is more commun in:

A

Drug abuse patient

77
Q

patology

A

Ebstein anomality

Valvular Heart D (1 decks)

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