Valvular Disorders

Question 1

Rheumatic endocarditis is due to to which organism + through what form of transmission?

Answer 1

group A streptococcus;
direct contact with oral/ respiratory secretions

Question 2

Rheumatic fever complications?

Answer 2

Rheumatic heart disease: heart murmurs, cardiomegaly

Question 3

Describe mitral valve prolapse

Answer 3

when left ventricle contracts,
1/2 flaps flop/ bulge back into atrium, no tight seal
–> may cause backward bloodflow

Question 4

Possible assessments to diagnose prolapse?

Answer 4

auscultation - murmur, extra heart sound (mitral click)
doppler echocardiography - diagnose + monitor

Question 5

Describe mitral regurgitation

Answer 5

during systole
blood flowing back from left ventricle to atrium
margins of mitral valve cannot close

Question 6

Causes of mitral regurgitation

Answer 6

• rigid/ thickened valve (from rheumatic heart disease)
• rupture of chordae tendineae/ papillary muscles in prolapse
• congenital heart defect
• papillary muscle dysfunction due to MI

Question 7

Meds and surgery for mitral reguritation

Answer 7

ACE inhibitor, diuretics
mitral valve repair/ replacement

Question 8

Cause of mitral valve stenosis

Answer 8

rheumatic endocarditis causes thickening of mitral valve leaflets & chordae tendineae
–> leaflets fuse together, valves hard to open

Question 9

Clinical manifestations for mitral valve stenosis

Answer 9

dyspnea, fatigue
*orthopnea (SOB when lying down)

Question 10

med/ surg management for mitral valve stenosis

Answer 10

anticoagulants to reduce risk of atrial thrombus
mitral valve replacement, valvuloplasty

Question 11

Clinical manifestations for aortic regurgitation

Answer 11

forceful heartbeat
visible & palpable pulsations at carotid artery