Valvular Disease (Lecture 8)

Question 1

___ is characterized by left ventricular inflow obstruction resulting in a low pitched rumbling diastolic apical murmur. Rheumatic heart disease is the most common cause worldwide. Valvular obstruction develops slowly over time, taking decades to become symptomatic.

Answer 1

Mitral stenosis

Question 2

Mitral valve obstruction causes elevated left atrial pressures resulting in left atrial enlargement and pulmonary hypertension. ____ is the most common presenting complaint, found in up to 70% of patients.

Answer 2

Dyspnea with exertion

Question 3

_____ due to bronchial vein rupture can occur in mitral stenosis but is less common. Palpitations can occur secondary to atrial fibrillation which is a common complication of mitral stenosis. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation increases with higher degrees of stenosis, advanced age and the presence of other valvular abnormalities. Patients with atrial fibrillation require rate control and anticoagulation.

Answer 3

Hemoptysis

Question 4

What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

Answer 4

RHD