Valvular Disease

Question 1

What is the most common congenital cardiac malformation in patients with turner syndrome

Answer 1

Bicuspid aortic valve

Question 2

A nonstenotic bicuspid aortic valve manifests with an

Answer 2

aortic ejection sound

Question 3

An aortic ejection sound is an

Answer 3

early systolic high frequency click heard over the right second interspace

Question 4

Where is an aortic ejection sound heard

Answer 4

The right second interspace

Question 5

Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve are susceptible to

Answer 5

infectious endocarditis

Question 6

Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve are susceptible to infectious endocarditis due to

Answer 6

abnormal leaflet structure and turbulent flow

Question 7

The patient presenting with short stature, short thick neck, broad chest, and shortened fourth metacarpals has

Answer 7

Turner syndrome

Question 8

What are the 3 most common cardiac abnormalities in Down syndrome

Answer 8

1. Complete atrioventricular canal
2. Atrial septal defect
3. Ventricular septal defect

Question 9

Fixed splitting of the second heart sound is characteristically heard with an

Answer 9

Atrial septal defect

Question 10

Ventral septal defects produces a

Answer 10

holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border

Question 11

Mitral stenosis produced a

Answer 11

mid diastolic, low pitched, rumbling, murmur that may begin with an opening snap

Question 12

Mitral stenosis is often seen in

Answer 12

Rheumatic heart disease

Question 13

A mid systolic click often accompanied by a late systolic murmur is the hallmark of

Answer 13

mitral valve prolapse

Question 14

Mitral valve prolapse is common in

Answer 14

connective tissue disorders such as Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes

Question 15

Patent ductus arteriosus produced a

Answer 15

continuous machine like murmur during both systole and diastole

Question 16

Patent ductus arteriosus is common in

Answer 16

premature infants especially those with respiratory distress syndrome

Question 17

_____ _____ _______ is seen in infants with coarction of the aorta

Answer 17

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 18

Turner syndrome and congenital anomalies of the aorta

Answer 18

Turner syndrome is associated with congenital anomalies, and the most common defect is a bicuspid aortic valve. A nonstenotic bicuspid aortic valve can manifest as an early systolic, high frequency click over the right second interspace. Bicuspid aortic valves are at risk for stenosis, insufficiency, and infection

Question 19

Bicuspid aortic valves are at risk for

Answer 19

stenosis, insufficiency, and infection