Valves Flashcards
AS Peak velocity - Mild (m/s)
2.5-2.9
AS Peak velocity - Severe (m/s)
4.0-4.9
AS Mean gradient (mmHg) - Mild
<20
AS Mean gradient (mmHg) - Severe
40-59
AS Valve area - Mild
> 1.5
AS Valve area - Severe
<1
AS Valve area/BSA - Mild
> 0.85
AS Valve area/BSA - Severe
<0.6
AS Velocity ratio - Mild
> 0.5
AS Velocity ratio - Severe
<0.25
AS Valve area - Very Severe
<0.6
AR Pressure half time (ms) - Mild
> 500
AR Pressure half time (ms) - Severe
<200
AR Diastolic flow reversal desc Ao - Mild
Brief, early
AR Diastolic flow reversal desc Ao - Severe
Prominent holodiastolic
AR Jet density CW - Mild
Incomplete/Faint
AR Jet density CW - Severe
Dense
AR Dao end-diastolic velocity (cm/s) - Severe
> 20
AR Jet width / LVOTd* (%) - Mild
<25%
AR Jet width / LVOTd* (%) - Severe
> 65%
MR Jet area/LA % - Severe
> 50%
MR Pulmonary vein systolic flow - Mild
Dominance
MR Pulmonary vein systolic flow - Moderate
Blunting
MR Pulmonary vein systolic flow - Severe
Flow reversal
MR Regurgitant orifice area (cm²) - Mild
<0.2 cm2
MR Regurgitant orifice area (cm²) - Severe
> 0.40 cm2
MR Regurgitant volume (mL) - Mild
<30
MR Regurgitant volume (mL) - Severe
> 60
MR Regurgitant fraction (%) - Mild
<30
MR Regurgitant fraction (%) - Severe
> 50
MR PISAr at Nyquist 40cm/s (cm) - Mild
<0.3
MR PISAr at Nyquist 40cm/s (cm) - Severe
≥1.0
MR Vena contracta width (cm) - Mild
<0.3
MR Vena contracta width (cm) - Severe
≥0.7
MS Valve Area - Mild
1.6–2.0 cm2
MS Valve Area - Severe
<1.0 cm2
MS Mean gradient (mmHg) - Mild
<5
MS Mean gradient (mmHg) - Severe
> 10
MS Systolic PA pressure (mmHg) - mild
<30
MS Systolic PA pressure (mmHg) - Severe
> 50
PR Jet width/RVOT - Severe
> 65%
PR Vena contracta/PV annulus (%) - Mild
<50
PR Vena contracta/PV annulus (%) - Severe
> 70
PR-Pressure half time (ms) - Severe
<100
PR Deceleration time (ms) - Severe
<260
PR Flow reversal - Severe
Flow reversal seen within a PA branch
PR Doppler PR Index - Severe
<0.77
TR EROA by PISA (cm2) - Mild
<0.2
TR EROA by PISA (cm2) - Severe
≥0.40
TR Regurgitant volume by PISA (mL) - Mild
<30
TR Regurgitant volume by PISA (mL) - Severe
> 45
TR Vena contracta width (cm) - Mild
<0.3
TR Vena contracta width (cm) - Severe
> 0.7
TR PISAr at Nyquist 28 cm/s (cm) - Mild
<0.5
TR PISAr at Nyquist 28 cm/s (cm) - Severe
> 0.9
TR Hepatic vein flow
Systolic flow reversal when severe
TR CW doppler signal - mild
Faint/partial/parabolic
TR CW doppler signal - Severe
Triangular confirms severe
TS Mean pressure gradient (mmHg) - Severe
≥5
TS Pressure half time (ms)
> 190
TS Valve area by continuity (cm²)
<1
